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In mathematics and statistics, sums of powers occur in a number of contexts: . Sums of squares arise in many contexts. For example, in geometry, the Pythagorean theorem involves the sum of two squares; in number theory, there are Legendre's three-square theorem and Jacobi's four-square theorem; and in statistics, the analysis of variance involves summing the squares of quantities.
The following lists the power sum symmetric polynomials of positive degrees up to n for the first three positive values of . In every case, p 0 = n {\displaystyle p_{0}=n} is one of the polynomials. The list goes up to degree n because the power sum symmetric polynomials of degrees 1 to n are basic in the sense of the theorem stated below.
1 Sums of powers. 2 Power series. Toggle Power series subsection. 2.1 Low-order polylogarithms. 2.2 Exponential function. ... Sum of reciprocal of factorials
Faulhaber also knew that if a sum for an odd power is given by = + = + + + + then the sum for the even power just below is given by = = + + (+ + + (+)). Note that the polynomial in parentheses is the derivative of the polynomial above with respect to a .
The following polynomials in two variables X 1 and X 2 are symmetric: + + + + (+) as is the following polynomial in three variables X 1, X 2, X 3: . There are many ways to make specific symmetric polynomials in any number of variables (see the various types below).
The Newton identities also permit expressing the elementary symmetric polynomials in terms of the power sum symmetric polynomials, showing that any symmetric polynomial can also be expressed in the power sums. In fact the first n power sums also form an algebraic basis for the space of symmetric polynomials.
According to the New York Times, here's exactly how to play Strands: Find theme words to fill the board. Theme words stay highlighted in blue when found.
It may happen that a power (greater than 1) of x − a divides P; in this case, a is a multiple root of P, and otherwise a is a simple root of P. If P is a nonzero polynomial, there is a highest power m such that (x − a) m divides P, which is called the multiplicity of a as a root of P.