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Prolate spheroidal coordinates μ and ν for a = 1.The lines of equal values of μ and ν are shown on the xz-plane, i.e. for φ = 0.The surfaces of constant μ and ν are obtained by rotation about the z-axis, so that the diagram is valid for any plane containing the z-axis: i.e. for any φ.
Given any function in variables with values in an abelian group, a symmetric function can be constructed by summing values of over all permutations of the arguments. . Similarly, an anti-symmetric function can be constructed by summing over even permutations and subtracting the sum over odd permut
Burnside's lemma can compute the number of rotationally distinct colourings of the faces of a cube using three colours.. Let X be the set of 3 6 possible face color combinations that can be applied to a fixed cube, and let the rotation group G of the cube act on X by moving the colored faces: two colorings in X belong to the same orbit precisely when one is a rotation of the other.
Symmetry occurs not only in geometry, but also in other branches of mathematics. Symmetry is a type of invariance: the property that a mathematical object remains unchanged under a set of operations or transformations. [1] Given a structured object X of any sort, a symmetry is a mapping of the object
The angle θ and axis unit vector e define a rotation, concisely represented by the rotation vector θe.. In mathematics, the axis–angle representation parameterizes a rotation in a three-dimensional Euclidean space by two quantities: a unit vector e indicating the direction of an axis of rotation, and an angle of rotation θ describing the magnitude and sense (e.g., clockwise) of the ...
In mathematics, a symmetry operation is a geometric transformation of an object that leaves the object looking the same after it has been carried out. For example, a 1 ⁄ 3 turn rotation of a regular triangle about its center, a reflection of a square across its diagonal, a translation of the Euclidean plane, or a point reflection of a sphere through its center are all symmetry operations.
Infinite helical symmetry: If there are no distinguishing features along the length of a helix or helix-like object, the object will have infinite symmetry much like that of a circle, but with the additional requirement of translation along the long axis of the object—to return it to its original appearance. [27]
The degree of translation is then added as a subscript showing how far along the axis the translation is, as a portion of the parallel lattice vector. For example, 2 1 is a 180° (twofold) rotation followed by a translation of 1 / 2 of the lattice vector. 3 1 is a 120° (threefold) rotation followed by a translation of 1 / 3 of ...