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  2. Isotope dilution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope_dilution

    Isotope dilution analysis is a method of determining the quantity of chemical substances. In its most simple conception, the method of isotope dilution comprises the addition of known amounts of isotopically enriched substance to the analyzed sample. Mixing of the isotopic standard with the sample effectively "dilutes" the isotopic enrichment ...

  3. Table of nuclides - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_nuclides

    Table of nuclides. A table or chart of nuclides is a two-dimensional graph of isotopes of the elements, in which one axis represents the number of neutrons (symbol N) and the other represents the number of protons (atomic number, symbol Z) in the atomic nucleus. Each point plotted on the graph thus represents a nuclide of a known or ...

  4. Isotope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope

    The number of nucleons (both protons and neutrons) in the nucleus is the atom's mass number, and each isotope of a given element has a different mass number. For example, carbon-12, carbon-13, and carbon-14 are three isotopes of the element carbon with mass numbers 12, 13, and 14, respectively. The atomic number of carbon is 6, which means that ...

  5. Isotopes of oxygen - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_oxygen

    Radioactive isotopes ranging from 11 O to 28 O have also been characterized, all short-lived. The longest-lived radioisotope is 15 O with a half-life of 122.266(43) s, while the shortest-lived isotope is the unbound 11 O with a half-life of 198(12) yoctoseconds, though half-lives have not been measured for the unbound heavy isotopes 27 O and 28 ...

  6. Isotopes of fermium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_fermium

    Isotopes of fermium. Fermium (100 Fm) is a synthetic element, and thus a standard atomic weight cannot be given. Like all artificial elements, it has no stable isotopes. The first isotope to be discovered (in fallout from nuclear testing) was 255 Fm in 1952. 250 Fm was independently synthesized shortly after the discovery of 255 Fm.

  7. Isotopes of carbon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_carbon

    Carbon-11. is a radioactive isotope of carbon that decays to boron-11. This decay mainly occurs due to positron emission, with around 0.19–0.23% of decays instead occurring by electron capture. [6][7] It has a half-life of 20.3402 (53) min. It is produced from nitrogen in a cyclotron by the reaction.

  8. Isotopes of sodium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotopes_of_sodium

    Isotopes of sodium. Na is the only stable (and the only primordial) isotope. It is considered a monoisotopic element and it has a standard atomic weight of 22.989 769 28(2). Sodium has two radioactive cosmogenic isotopes (22. Na, with a half-life of 14.9560 (15) h). With the exception of those two isotopes, all other isotopes have half-lives ...

  9. Isotope analysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotope_analysis

    Magnetic sector mass spectrometer used in isotope ratio analysis, through thermal ionization. Isotope analysis is the identification of isotopic signature, abundance of certain stable isotopes of chemical elements within organic and inorganic compounds. Isotopic analysis can be used to understand the flow of energy through a food web, to ...