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Also known as ataxic respirations, is a form of breathing associated with cerebral injury and is characterized by irregular patterns of normal breathing, apnea, and tachypnea [14] [15]. Named after Camille Biot, the breathing style differs from Cheyne Stokes in that the typical crescendo-decrescendo pattern is absent [15]. The frequency and ...
Pronunciation. / ˈtʃeɪnˈstoʊks /. Cheyne–Stokes respiration is an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by progressively deeper, and sometimes faster, breathing followed by a gradual decrease that results in a temporary stop in breathing called an apnea. The pattern repeats, with each cycle usually taking 30 seconds to 2 minutes. [1]
Kussmaul breathing. Kussmaul breathing is a deep and labored breathing pattern often associated with severe metabolic acidosis, particularly diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) but also kidney failure. It is a form of hyperventilation, which is any breathing pattern that reduces carbon dioxide in the blood due to increased rate or depth of respiration ...
Death rattle. A death rattle is noisy breathing that often occurs in someone who is near death. [1] It is caused by an accumulation of fluids such as saliva and bronchial secretions in the throat and upper airways. [2] Those who are dying may lose their ability to swallow and may have increased production of bronchial secretions, resulting in ...
Ataxic respiration. Ataxic respiration is an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by complete irregularity of breathing, with irregular pauses and increasing periods of apnea. As the breathing pattern deteriorates, it merges with agonal respiration.
Respiratory arrest is a serious medical condition caused by apnea or respiratory dysfunction severe enough that it will not sustain the body (such as agonal breathing). Prolonged apnea refers to a patient who has stopped breathing for a long period of time. If the heart muscle contraction is intact, the condition is known as respiratory arrest.
Central neurogenic hyperventilation (CNH) is an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by deep and rapid breaths at a rate of at least 25 breaths per minute. Increasing irregularity of this respiratory rate generally is a sign that the patient will enter into coma. CNH is unrelated to other forms of hyperventilation, like Kussmaul's ...
It is caused by damage to the pons or upper medulla caused by strokes or trauma. Specifically, concurrent removal of input from the vagus nerve and the pneumotaxic center causes this pattern of breathing. It is an ominous sign, with a generally poor prognosis. It can also be temporarily caused by some drugs, such as ketamine.