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Biological pigments, also known simply as pigments or biochromes, [1] are substances produced by living organisms that have a color resulting from selective color absorption. Biological pigments include plant pigments and flower pigments. Many biological structures, such as skin, eyes, feathers, fur and hair contain pigments such as melanin in ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 8 November 2024. "Skin pigmentation" redirects here. For animal skin pigmentation, see Biological pigment. Extended Coloured family from South Africa showing some spectrum of human skin coloration Human skin color ranges from the darkest brown to the lightest hues. Differences in skin color among ...
Anthocyanins (from Ancient Greek ἄνθος (ánthos) 'flower' and κυάνεος / κυανοῦς (kuáneos/kuanoûs) 'dark blue'), also called anthocyans, are water-soluble vacuolar pigments that, depending on their pH, may appear red, purple, blue, or black. In 1835, the German pharmacist Ludwig Clamor Marquart named a chemical compound ...
Melanin (/ ˈmɛlənɪn / ⓘ; from Ancient Greek μέλας (mélas) 'black, dark') is a family of biomolecules organized as oligomers or polymers, which among other functions provide the pigments of many organisms. [1] Melanin pigments are produced in a specialized group of cells known as melanocytes.
Chromatophores are cells that produce color, of which many types are pigment -containing cells, or groups of cells, found in a wide range of animals including amphibians, fish, reptiles, crustaceans and cephalopods. Mammals and birds, in contrast, have a class of cells called melanocytes for coloration. Chromatophores are largely responsible ...
Carotenoid. Chemical structure of β- carotene, a common natural pigment. Carotenoids (/ kəˈrɒtɪnɔɪd /) are yellow, orange, and red organic pigments that are produced by plants and algae, as well as several bacteria, archaea, and fungi. [1] Carotenoids give the characteristic color to pumpkins, carrots, parsnips, corn, tomatoes, canaries ...
Phycocyanin. Phycocyanin is a pigment -protein complex from the light-harvesting phycobiliprotein family, along with allophycocyanin and phycoerythrin. [1] It is an accessory pigment to chlorophyll. All phycobiliproteins are water-soluble, so they cannot exist within the membrane like carotenoids can. Instead, phycobiliproteins aggregate to ...
Light skin is a human skin color that has a low level of eumelanin pigmentation as an adaptation to environments of low UV radiation. [1][2] Due to migrations of people in recent centuries, light-skinned populations today are found all over the world. [2][3] Light skin is most commonly found amongst the native populations of Europe, East Asia ...