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Christian and Moor playing chess, from The Book of Games of Alfonso X, c. 1285. The term Moor is an exonym first used by Christian Europeans to designate the Muslim populations of the Maghreb, al-Andalus (Iberian Peninsula), Sicily and Malta during the Middle Ages. [1] Moors are not a single, distinct or self-defined people. [2]
That was partially because the Visigoths were only 1 to 2% of the population, [5] which made it difficult to maintain control over a rebellious population. The ruler at the time was King Roderic [2] but the manner of his ascent to the throne is unclear. There are accounts of a dispute with Achila II, son of his predecessor Wittiza.
22 May. The Moors surrender Xativa Castle to James I of Aragon following a five-month siege. The terms of surrender of the Moors were laid out in the subsequent Treaty of Xàtiva. [332] (Date unknown). Arjona, the home of Muhammad I of Granada, is taken by Ferdinand III of Castile. [333] 1246. 28 February.
It is a two-part series on the contribution the Moors made to Europe during their 700-year reign in Spain and Portugal ending in the 15th century. It was first broadcast on Channel 4 Saturday 5 November 2005, [ 2 ] and was filmed in the Spanish region of Andalusia , mostly in the cities of Granada , Cordoba and the Moroccan city of Fes .
Consequently, Muslims were enslaved in Christian lands, while Christians and other non-Muslims were enslaved in al-Andalus. [195] The Moors imported white Christian slaves from the 8th century until the end of the Reconquista in the late 15th century. The slaves were exported from the Christian section of Spain, as well as Eastern Europe .
The situation of the Moriscos in the Canary Islands was different from on continental Europe. They were not the descendants of Iberian Muslims but were Muslim Moors taken from Northern Africa in Christian raids or prisoners taken during the attacks of the Barbary pirates against the islands. In the Canary Islands, they were held as slaves or ...
Dhimmi were allowed to live within Muslim society, but were legally required to pay the jizya, a personal tax, and abide with a number of religious, social, and economic restrictions that came with their status. Despite their restrictions, the dhimmi were fully protected by the Muslim rulers and did not have to fight in case of war, because ...
Another development was the idea of 'European superiority'. There was a movement by some such as Montaigne that regarded the non-Europeans as a better, more natural and primitive people. Post services were founded all over Europe, which allowed a humanistic interconnected network of intellectuals across Europe, despite religious divisions ...