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Anal fistula is a chronic abnormal communication between the anal canal and the perianal skin. [1] An anal fistula can be described as a narrow tunnel with its internal opening in the anal canal and its external opening in the skin near the anus. [2] Anal fistulae commonly occur in people with a history of anal abscesses. They can form when ...
Anal glands are the most common cause of anal fistula. ... (e.g. fecal bacterial plugging) in the crypts, may lead to perianal abscess and fistula formation. ...
In anatomy, a fistula (pl.: fistulas or fistulae /-l i,-l aɪ /; from Latin fistula, "tube, pipe") is an abnormal connection (i.e. tube) joining two hollow spaces (technically, two epithelialized surfaces), such as blood vessels, intestines, or other hollow organs to each other, often resulting in an abnormal flow of fluid from one space to the other.
Anorectal abscess (also known as an anal/rectal abscess or perianal/perirectal abscess) is an abscess adjacent to the anus. [1] Most cases of perianal abscesses are sporadic, though there are certain situations which elevate the risk for developing the disease, such as diabetes mellitus , Crohn's disease , chronic corticosteroid treatment and ...
Common causes include: haemorrhoids, proctitis, anal fissure, [13] rectal prolapse, perianal warts (anal condyloma acuminatum), [14] [15] Less common causes include : colorectal carcinoma , irritable bowel syndrome , solitary rectal ulcer syndrome , anal fistulae , villous adenoma, poor anal hygiene [ citation needed ]
Goodsall's rule relates the external opening (in the perianal skin) of an anal fistula to its internal opening (in the anal canal). It states that if the perianal skin opening is posterior to the transverse anal line, the fistulous tract will open into the anal canal in the midline posteriorly, sometimes taking a curvilinear course.
The goal of treatment is asymptomatic, intact, dry, clean perianal skin with reversal of morphological changes. For pruritus ani of unknown cause (idiopathic pruritus ani) [3] treatment typically begins with measures to reduce irritation and trauma to the perianal area. [9] Stool softeners can help prevent constipation. [9]
Fecal incontinence has three main consequences: local reactions of the perianal skin and urinary tract, including maceration (softening and whitening of the skin due to continuous moisture), urinary tract infections, or decubitus ulcers (pressure sores); [1] a financial expense for individuals (due to the cost of medication and incontinence ...