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It is often difficult for children to describe their hallucinations or delusions, making very early-onset [19] schizophrenia especially difficult to diagnose in the earliest stages. The cognitive abilities of children with schizophrenia may also often be lacking, with 20% of patients showing borderline or full intellectual disability. [20]
In schizophrenia, estimations of perceived contrast in surround suppression are less suppressed than for healthy adults. [13] [14] [15] Further, the magnitude of this perceptual suppression effect has been shown to correlate with the concentration of GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid), an inhibitory neurotransmitter, in the visual cortex. [15]
Positive symptoms are those symptoms that are not normally experienced, but are present in people during a psychotic episode in schizophrenia, including delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thoughts, speech and behavior or inappropriate affect, typically regarded as manifestations of psychosis. [36]
Both schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease also may be aggravated by hyperphantasia, as high levels of vivid imagery predict the severity of visual hallucinations. [6] In fact, it is possible that hyperphantasia is a "trait maker" for schizophrenia, with both disorders being associated with a smaller primary visual cortex.
Complex (formed) visual hallucinations are more common than Simple (non-formed) visual hallucinations. [8] [10] In contrast to hallucinations experienced in organic conditions, hallucinations experienced as symptoms of psychoses tend to be more frightening. An example of this would be hallucinations that have imagery of bugs, dogs, snakes ...
This is one of the main reasons that 40 percent of people with schizophrenia stop taking their medications within 18 months. And while antipsychotics can help schizophrenia’s “positive” symptoms, such as hallucinations, they have a minimal impact on the “negative” symptoms, which are arguably more devastating.