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The simplest is the slope-intercept form: = +, from which one can immediately see the slope a and the initial value () =, which is the y-intercept of the graph = (). Given a slope a and one known value () =, we write the point-slope form:
The above procedure now is reversed to find the form of the function F(x) using its (assumed) known log–log plot. To find the function F, pick some fixed point (x 0, F 0), where F 0 is shorthand for F(x 0), somewhere on the straight line in the above graph, and further some other arbitrary point (x 1, F 1) on the same graph.
A non-vertical line can be defined by its slope m, and its y-intercept y 0 (the y coordinate of its intersection with the y-axis). In this case, its linear equation can be written = +. If, moreover, the line is not horizontal, it can be defined by its slope and its x-intercept x 0. In this case, its equation can be written
Functions of the form = have at most one -intercept, but may contain multiple -intercepts. The x {\displaystyle x} -intercepts of functions, if any exist, are often more difficult to locate than the y {\displaystyle y} -intercept, as finding the y {\displaystyle y} -intercept involves simply evaluating the function at x = 0 {\displaystyle x=0} .
Slope illustrated for y = (3/2)x − 1.Click on to enlarge Slope of a line in coordinates system, from f(x) = −12x + 2 to f(x) = 12x + 2. The slope of a line in the plane containing the x and y axes is generally represented by the letter m, [5] and is defined as the change in the y coordinate divided by the corresponding change in the x coordinate, between two distinct points on the line.
In other words, F is proportional to the logarithm of x times the slope of the straight line of its lin–log graph, plus a constant. Specifically, a straight line on a lin–log plot containing points ( F 0 , x 0 ) and ( F 1 , x 1 ) will have the function:
When plotted in the manner described above, the value of the y-intercept (at = / =) will correspond to (), and the slope of the line will be equal to /. The values of y-intercept and slope can be determined from the experimental points using simple linear regression with a spreadsheet .
In two dimensions, the equation for non-vertical lines is often given in the slope–intercept form: = + where: m is the slope or gradient of the line. b is the y-intercept of the line. x is the independent variable of the function y = f(x).