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In HTML and XML, a numeric character reference refers to a character by its Universal Character Set / Unicode code point, and uses the format: &#xhhhh; or. &#nnnn; where the x must be lowercase in XML documents, hhhh is the code point in hexadecimal form, and nnnn is the code point in decimal form. The hhhh (or nnnn) may be any number of ...
There are two general ways to specify which character encoding is used in the document. First, the web server can include the character encoding or " charset " in the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Content-Type header, which would typically look like this: [1] Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8. This method gives the HTTP server a ...
In HTML 4, there is a standard set of 252 named character entities for characters - some common, some obscure - that are either not found in certain character encodings or are markup sensitive in some contexts (for example angle brackets and quotation marks). Although any Unicode character can be referenced by its numeric code point, some HTML ...
The format is the same as for any entity reference: &name; where name is the case-sensitive name of the entity. The semicolon is required. Because numbers are harder for humans to remember than names, character entity references are most often written by humans, while numeric character references are most often produced by computer programs. [1]
For example, the acute-accented e (é), a character typically found only on Western European and South American keyboards, can be written in any HTML document as the entity reference é or as the numeric references é or é, using characters that are available on all keyboards and are supported in all character encodings.
HTML 4.0 Character Entity References—shows how the named and decimal character references look in one's browser; FileFormat.Info—details of many Unicode characters, including the named, decimal and hexadecimal character reference, showing how it should look and for each, how it looks in one's browser
There is another kind of character reference called a character entity reference, which allows a character to be referred to by a name instead of a number. (Naming a character creates a character entity.) HTML defines some character entities, but not many; all other characters can only be included by direct encoding or using NCRs.
List of XML and HTML character entity references. Another good list just lying around. -- ALoan 10:06, 11 August 2005 (UTC) Hmm. I would prefer to see the SGML entity and character entity reference articles fully fleshed out before this list is featured. People looking at the list are going to be going there looking for a better understanding ...