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The SI unit of electrical resistivity is the ohm - metre (Ω⋅m). [1][2][3] For example, if a 1 m3 solid cube of material has sheet contacts on two opposite faces, and the resistance between these contacts is 1 Ω, then the resistivity of the material is 1 Ω⋅m. Electrical conductivity (or specific conductance) is the reciprocal of ...
Conductivity (electrolytic) Conductivity or specific conductance of an electrolyte solution is a measure of its ability to conduct electricity. The SI unit of conductivity is siemens per meter (S/m). Conductivity measurements are used routinely in many industrial and environmental applications as a fast, inexpensive and reliable way of ...
Thermal conductivity and resistivity. The thermal conductivity of a material is a measure of its ability to conduct heat. It is commonly denoted by , , or and is measured in W·m −1 ·K −1. Heat transfer occurs at a lower rate in materials of low thermal conductivity than in materials of high thermal conductivity.
The electrical resistance of an object is a measure of its opposition to the flow of electric current. Its reciprocal quantity is electrical conductance, measuring the ease with which an electric current passes. Electrical resistance shares some conceptual parallels with mechanical friction. The SI unit of electrical resistance is the ohm (Ω ...
Ohm's law states that the electric current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points. Introducing the constant of proportionality, the resistance, [ 1 ] one arrives at the three mathematical equations used to describe this relationship: [ 2 ] where I is the current through the conductor ...
In physics, the Wiedemann–Franz law states that the ratio of the electronic contribution of the thermal conductivity (κ) to the electrical conductivity (σ) of a metal is proportional to the temperature (T). [1] Theoretically, the proportionality constant L, known as the Lorenz number, is equal to. where kB is the Boltzmann constant and e is ...
The molar conductivity of an electrolyte solution is defined as its conductivity divided by its molar concentration. [1][2] where: κ is the measured conductivity (formerly known as specific conductance), [3] c is the molar concentration of the electrolyte. The SI unit of molar conductivity is siemens metres squared per mole (S m 2 mol −1). [2]
Charge carrier density, also known as carrier concentration, denotes the number of charge carriers per volume. In SI units, it is measured in m −3. As with any density, in principle it can depend on position. However, usually carrier concentration is given as a single number, and represents the average carrier density over the whole material.