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  2. Airlift pump - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airlift_pump

    G: Gravel or solids. An airlift pump is a pump that has low suction and moderate discharge of liquid and entrained solids. The pump injects compressed air at the bottom of the discharge pipe which is immersed in the liquid. The compressed air mixes with the liquid causing the air-water mixture to be less dense than the rest of the liquid around ...

  3. Scholander pressure bomb - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholander_pressure_bomb

    A pressure bomb, pressure chamber, or Scholander bomb is an instrument that can measure the approximate water potential of plant tissues. A leaf and petiole or stem segment is placed inside a sealed chamber. Pressurized gas (normally compressed nitrogen) is slowly added to the chamber. As the pressure increases, at some point the liquid ...

  4. Hydraulic head - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydraulic_head

    Hydraulic head. Fluid flows from the tank at the top to the basin at the bottom under the pressure of the hydraulic head. Hydraulic head or piezometric head is a specific measurement of liquid pressure above a vertical datum. [1][2] It is usually measured as a liquid surface elevation, expressed in units of length, at the entrance (or bottom ...

  5. Parshall flume - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parshall_flume

    The Parshall flume is an open channel flow-metering device that was developed to measure the flow of surface water and irrigation flow. The Parshall flume is a modified version of the Venturi flume. Named after its creator, Dr. Ralph L. Parshall of the U.S. Soil Conservation Service, the Parshall flume is a fixed hydraulic structure used in ...

  6. Pressure–volume diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure–volume_diagram

    A PV diagram plots the change in pressure P with respect to volume V for some process or processes. Typically in thermodynamics, the set of processes forms a cycle, so that upon completion of the cycle there has been no net change in state of the system; i.e. the device returns to the starting pressure and volume.

  7. Water aeration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_aeration

    Water aeration. Fountains aerate water by spraying it into the air. Water aeration is the process of increasing or maintaining the oxygen saturation of water in both natural and artificial environments. Aeration techniques are commonly used in pond, lake, and reservoir management to address low oxygen levels or algal blooms.

  8. Pressure tank - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressure_tank

    The total volume of the tank is V t. Case 2 is a tank in use, with the air pressure at pressure P (gauge) and a water volume of V. Referring to the diagram on the right, a pressure tank is generally pressurized when empty with a "charging pressure" P c, which is usually about 2 psi below the turn-on pressure P lo (Case 1).

  9. Flow measurement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flow_measurement

    This is the most commonly used measurement system for measuring water supply in houses. The fluid, most commonly water, enters in one side of the meter and strikes the nutating disk, which is eccentrically mounted. The disk must then "wobble" or nutate about the vertical axis, since the bottom and the top of the disk remain in contact with the ...