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Principal language families of the world (and in some cases geographic groups of families). For greater detail, see Distribution of languages in the world. This is a list of languages by total number of speakers. It is difficult to define what constitutes a language as opposed to a dialect.
Ethnologue (2024) The following languages are listed as having at least 50 million first-language speakers in the 27th edition of Ethnologue published in 2024. [7] This section does not include entries that Ethnologue identifies as macrolanguages encompassing all their respective varieties, such as Arabic, Lahnda, Persian, Malay, Pashto, and ...
This is a list of the number of languages by country and dependency according to the 22nd edition of Ethnologue (2019). [ 1 ] Papua New Guinea has the largest number of languages in the world.
Kabardino-Balkaria (state language; with Kabardian and Russian) [72] Bashkir: Bashkortostan (state language; with Russian) [73] Basque: Basque Autonomous Community (with Spanish) Navarre (in some areas with Spanish) Bengali: India (as a "subsidiary official language"} and 20 other official languages; second most spoken Indian Language)
Various definitions of the term world language have been proposed; there is no general consensus about which one to use. [5] [6]One definition proffered by Congolese linguist Salikoko Mufwene is "languages spoken as vernaculars or as lingua francas outside their homelands and by populations other than those ethnically or nationally associated with them".
Lists which are global in scope (all living natural languages would classify for inclusion): by primary language family: List of Afro-Asiatic languages, List of Austronesian languages, List of Indo-European languages, List of Mongolic languages, List of Tungusic languages, List of Turkic languages, List of Uralic languages.
The language family of the world that has the most speakers is the Indo-European languages, spoken by 46% of the world's population. [137] This family includes major world languages like English, Spanish, French, German, Russian, and Hindustani (Hindi/Urdu).
Spoken in: Nigeria, Ghana, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea; Piman – Tepiman Spoken in: the State of Arizona, United States and the Free and Sovereign State of Durango, United Mexican States; Pipil – Náhuat or Nawat Spoken in: the Salvadoran cities of San Salvador and Sonsonate; and the Salvadoran department of La Libertad; Pirahã – xapaitíiso