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  2. Plasma (physics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_(physics)

    It is the most abundant form of ordinary matter in the universe, mostly in stars (including the Sun), but also dominating the rarefied intracluster medium and intergalactic medium. [2][3][4][5] Plasma can be artificially generated, for example, by heating a neutral gas or subjecting it to a strong electromagnetic field.

  3. State of matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter

    In physics, a state of matter is one of the distinct forms in which matter can exist. Four states of matter are observable in everyday life: solid, liquid, gas, and plasma. Many intermediate states are known to exist, such as liquid crystal, and some states only exist under extreme conditions, such as Bose–Einstein condensates and Fermionic ...

  4. List of states of matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_of_matter

    List of states of matter. Matter organizes into various phases or states of matter depending on its constituents and external factors like pressure and temperature. In common temperatures and pressures, atoms form the three classical states of matter: solid, liquid and gas. Complex molecules can also form various mesophases such as liquid ...

  5. What exactly is plasma? - AOL

    www.aol.com/news/2015-04-28-what-exactly-is...

    Plasma is the fourth state of matter. Atoms and normal matter have a nucleus with orbiting electrons. In plasma, the atoms have been torn apart and the electrons ripped away. University of ...

  6. Quark–gluon plasma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quark–gluon_plasma

    A quark–gluon plasma (QGP) [66] or quark soup [67] [68] is a state of matter in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) which exists at extremely high temperature and/or density. This state is thought to consist of asymptotically free strong-interacting quarks and gluons, which are ordinarily confined by color confinement inside

  7. Bose–Einstein condensate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bose–Einstein_condensate

    In condensed matter physics, a Bose–Einstein condensate (BEC) is a state of matter that is typically formed when a gas of bosons at very low densities is cooled to temperatures very close to absolute zero , i.e., 0 K (−273.15 °C; −459.67 °F). Under such conditions, a large fraction of bosons occupy the lowest quantum state, at which ...

  8. Phase transition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase_transition

    In physics, chemistry, and other related fields like biology, a phase transition (or phase change) is the physical process of transition between one state of a medium and another. Commonly the term is used to refer to changes among the basic states of matter: solid, liquid, and gas, and in rare cases, plasma.

  9. Equation of state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equation_of_state

    Equation of state. In physics and chemistry, an equation of state is a thermodynamic equation relating state variables, which describe the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions, such as pressure, volume, temperature, or internal energy. [1] Most modern equations of state are formulated in the Helmholtz free energy.