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Australia has a wide variety of climates due to its large geographical size. The largest part of Australia is desert or semi-arid. Only the south-east and south-west corners have a temperate climate and moderately fertile soil. The northern part of the country has a tropical climate, varying between grasslands and desert.
There is an increase in fire activity in Australia in the latest decades. The causes include "more dangerous fire weather conditions, increased risk factors associated with pyroconvection, including fire-generated thunderstorms, and increased ignitions from dry lightning, all associated to varying degrees with anthropogenic climate change". [47]
The East Australian Current (EAC) is a warm, southward, western boundary current that is formed from the South Equatorial Current (SEC) crossing the Coral Sea and reaching the eastern coast of Australia. At around 15° S near the Australian coast the SEC divides forming the southward flow of the EAC. It is the largest ocean current close to the ...
It caused Australia to experience its wettest September on record in 2010, and its second-wettest year on record in 2010. [51] It also led to an unusual intensification of the Leeuwin Current. [52] El Niño conditions developed in mid-2013 through much of western Queensland. [53]
A thunderstorm in Sydney. The climate of Sydney, Australia is humid subtropical (Köppen: Cfa), [1] shifting from mild [2] [3] [4] and cool [5] in winter to warm and occasionally hot [5] in the summer, with no extreme seasonal differences as the weather is moderated by proximity to the ocean, [3] although more contrasting temperatures are recorded in the inland western suburbs.
Environment of Australia. Australia is located in the Southern Hemisphere. The Australian environment ranges from virtually pristine Antarctic territory and rainforests to degraded industrial areas of major cities. Forty distinct ecoregions have been identified across the Australian mainland and islands.
45.6 °C (114.1 °F) – 13 January 1939 (Black Friday) Melbourne's warmest overnight temperature was 30.5 °C (86.9 °F) on 1 February 1902 and 29 January 2009. Melbourne's coldest daytime temperature was 4.4 °C (39.9 °F) on 4 July 1901. Melbourne's coldest temperature ever was −2.8 °C (27.0 °F) on 21 July 1869.
Temperatures only occasionally reach 35 °C (95 °F) or more. June and July are the coldest months, with average maximums of about 22 °C (72 °F); maximum temperatures below 20 °C (68 °F) are rare. Brisbane has never recorded a sub-zero minimum temperature (with one exception at night), and minimums are generally warm to mild year-round ...