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Ancient Buddhist texts (such as the Samaññaphala Sutta) which mention Jain ideas and Mahavira cite the four restraints, rather than the five vows of later Jain texts. This has led scholars such as Hermann Jacobi to say that when Mahavira and the Buddha met, the Buddhists knew only about the four restraints of the Parshvanatha tradition. [86]
Mahavira is erroneously called the founder of Jainism, but Jains believe that the 23 previous tirthankaras also espoused it. [61] Mahavira is placed in Parshvanatha's lineage as his spiritual successor and ultimate leader of shraman sangha. [145] Parshvanatha was born 273 years before Mahavira.
Though Mahavira is sometimes mistakenly regarded as the founder, he appears in the tradition as one who, from the beginning, had followed a religion established long ago. [37] After the death of his parents, Mahavira left his home at the age of 30 and meditated for 12.5 years until he attained Kevala jnana (omniscience). [38]
Murti of Mahavira at his birthplace, Kshatriyakund (Shvetambara tradition), in Bihar. According to Jain texts, Mahavira was born on the thirteenth day of the bright half of the moon in the month of Chaitra in the year 599 BCE (Chaitra Sud 13). [2] [3] According to Shvetambara tradition, he was born in Kshatriyakund of Bihar. Some modern ...
The sect is essentially a reformation of the one founded on teachings of Lonka. [58] Sthānakavāsīs reject all but thirty-two of the Śvetāmbara canon. Terapanth is another reformist religious sect under Śvetāmbara Jainism. It was founded by Acharya Bhikshu, also known as Swami Bhikanji Maharaj. Swami Bhikanji was formerly a Sthanakvasi ...
Jainism (/ ˈ dʒ eɪ n ɪ z əm / JAY-niz-əm), also known as Jain Dharma, [1] is an Indian religion.Jainism traces its spiritual ideas and history through the succession of twenty-four tirthankaras (supreme preachers of dharma), with the first in the current time cycle being Rishabhadeva, whom the tradition holds to have lived millions of years ago, the twenty-third tirthankara Parshvanatha ...
Trisastisalakapurusacaritra by Hemacandra (11th century) – The deeds of 63 illustrious persons, and one of the most popular text of Jain universal history. Kahavali by Bhadresvara (13th century) — This text raised the number of salakapurusa to 72 by adding 9 Naradas. All traditions of Jainism now agree to the figure of 63 salakapurusas.
Ghantakarna Mahavira is one of the fifty-two viras (protector deities) of Svetambara Jainism. [1] He is chiefly associated with Tapa Gaccha , a monastic lineage. He was a deity of the Jain tantrik tradition.