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The measurement of pH can become difficult at extremely acidic or alkaline conditions, such as below pH 2.5 (ca. 0.003 mol/dm 3 acid) or above pH 10.5 (above ca. 0.0003 mol/dm 3 alkaline). This is due to the breakdown of the Nernst equation in such conditions when using a glass electrode.
The pH of an alkaline soil can be reduced by adding acidifying agents or acidic organic materials. Elemental sulfur (90–99% S) has been used at application rates of 300–500 kg/ha (270–450 lb/acre) – it slowly oxidises in the soil to form sulfuric acid .
Soils with pH values that are higher than 7.3 are usually defined as being alkaline. These soils can occur naturally due to the presence of alkali salts. Although many plants do prefer slightly basic soil (including vegetables like cabbage and fodder like buffalo grass ), most plants prefer mildly acidic soil (with pHs between 6.0 and 6.8), and ...
A pH of 7 therefore corresponds to a pOH of 7, and a pH of 9 with a pOH of 5. Formally it is preferred to express the ion concentrations in terms of chemical activity, but this hardly affects the value of the pH. Water with excess H 3 O + ions is called acid (pH < 7), and water with excess OH – ions is called alkaline or rather basic (pH > 7).
The lower the pH, the higher the concentration of bicarbonate will be. This shows how a lower pH can lead to higher alkalinity if the amount of bicarbonate produced is greater than the amount of H + remaining after the reaction. This is the case since the amount of acid in the rainwater is low.
Alkaliphiles are a class of extremophilic microbes capable of survival in alkaline (pH roughly 8.5–11) environments, growing optimally around a pH of 10. These bacteria can be further categorized as obligate alkaliphiles (those that require high pH to survive), facultative alkaliphiles (those able to survive in high pH, but also grow under normal conditions) and haloalkaliphiles (those that ...
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