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The main intravascular fluid in mammals is blood, a complex mixture with elements of a suspension (blood cells), colloid (), and solutes (glucose and ions).The blood represents both the intracellular compartment (the fluid inside the blood cells) and the extracellular compartment (the blood plasma).
Extracellular fluid makes up about one-third of body fluid, the remaining two-thirds is intracellular fluid within cells. [3] The main component of the extracellular fluid is the interstitial fluid that surrounds cells.
The total body of water is divided into fluid compartments, [1] between the intracellular fluid compartment (also called space, or volume) and the extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment (space, volume) in a two-to-one ratio: 28 (28–32) liters are inside cells and 14 (14–15) liters are outside cells.
Jackson's texts states 70% of body fluid is intracellular. [10] Extracellular fluid (1/3 of body water) is fluid contained in areas outside of cells. For a 40-litre body, about 15 litres is extracellular, [9] which amounts to 37.5%. Plasma (1/5 of extracellular fluid). Of this 15 litres of extracellular fluid, plasma volume averages 3 litres ...
A rise of extracellular (e.g., serum) partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO 2) above 45 mmHg leads to formation of carbonic acid, which causes a decrease of pH i as it dissociates: [10] H 2 O + CO 2 ⇌ H 2 CO 3 ⇌ H + + HCO 3 – Since biological cells contain fluid that can act as a buffer, pH i can be maintained fairly well within a ...
This space is usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid (see extracellular matrix). The term is used in contrast to intracellular (inside the cell). According to the Gene Ontology , the extracellular space is a cellular component defined as: "That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually ...
The intracellular calcium level is kept relatively low with respect to the extracellular fluid, by an approximate magnitude of 12,000-fold. This gradient is maintained through various plasma membrane calcium pumps that utilize ATP for energy, as well as a sizable storage within intracellular compartments.
The pH of the intracellular fluid is 7.4. [ 16 ] while mouse cell cytosolic pH ranges between 7.0 and 7.4, and is usually higher if a cell is growing. [ 17 ] The viscosity of cytoplasm is roughly the same as pure water, although diffusion of small molecules through this liquid is about fourfold slower than in pure water, due mostly to ...