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Vinegar is typically no less than 4% acetic acid by mass. [64] [65] [66] Legal limits on acetic acid content vary by jurisdiction. Vinegar is used directly as a condiment, and in the pickling of vegetables and other foods. Table vinegar tends to be more diluted (4% to 8% acetic acid), while commercial food pickling employs solutions that are ...
Vinegar is known as an effective cleaner of stainless steel and glass. Malt vinegar sprinkled onto crumpled newspaper is a traditional, and still-popular, method of cleaning grease-smeared windows and mirrors in the United Kingdom. [53] Vinegar can be used for polishing copper, brass, bronze or silver.
Standard molar entropy S o liquid: 158.0 J/(mol K) Enthalpy of combustion, Δ c H o –876.1 kJ/mol Heat capacity c p: 123.1 J/(mol K) Gas properties Std enthalpy change of formation Δ f H o gas –438.1 kJ/mol Standard molar entropy S o gas: 282.84 J/(mol K) Heat capacity c p: 63.4 J/(mol K) van der Waals' constants [2] a = 1782.3 L 2 kPa/mol ...
The acetic acid in vinegar is what provides most of the health benefits, and all types of vinegar used for cooking contain about the same amount of acetic acid, Johnston says.
The molar mass of atoms of an element is given by the relative atomic mass of the element multiplied by the molar mass constant, M u ≈ 1.000 000 × 10 −3 kg/mol ≈ 1 g/mol. For normal samples from Earth with typical isotope composition, the atomic weight can be approximated by the standard atomic weight [ 2 ] or the conventional atomic weight.
The molecular mass and relative molecular mass are distinct from but related to the molar mass. The molar mass is defined as the mass of a given substance divided by the amount of the substance, and is expressed in grams per mol (g/mol). That makes the molar mass an average of many particles or molecules (potentially containing different ...
Note that the especially high molar values, as for paraffin, gasoline, water and ammonia, result from calculating specific heats in terms of moles of molecules. If specific heat is expressed per mole of atoms for these substances, none of the constant-volume values exceed, to any large extent, the theoretical Dulong–Petit limit of 25 J⋅mol ...
The concentration of pure osmium tetroxide (molar mass = 254.23 g/mol) is c (OsO 4 ) = 5.1 kg/L / 254.23 g/mol = 20.1 mol/L. A typical protein in bacteria , such as E. coli , may have about 60 copies, and the volume of a bacterium is about 10 −15 L.