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Jute fiber being dried in sunlight after natural or microbial retting. Retting is the process of extracting fibers from the tough stem or bast of the bast fiber plants. The available retting processes are: mechanical retting (hammering), chemical retting (boiling & applying chemicals), steam/vapor/dew retting, and water or microbial retting.
Jute fibers, composed primarily of cellulose and lignin, are collected from bast (the phloem of the plant, sometimes called the "skin") of plants like kenaf, industrial hemp, flax , and ramie. The industrial term for jute fiber is raw jute. The fibers are off-white to brown and range from 1–4 meters (3.3–13.1 ft) long.
The thread came from Kashmir, Afghanistan, and Bengal and was dyed in the big cities by the lalaris. The best quality silk came from China. The village ladies obtained the thread from hawkers or peddlers who went from village to village selling daily needs items. [9]
The jute trade is centered mainly around India's West Bengal and Assam, and Bangladesh. The major producing country of jute is India [1] and biggest exporter is Bangladesh, due to their natural fertile soil [citation needed]. Production of jute by India and Bangladesh are respectively 1.968 million ton and 1.349 million metric ton. [2]
Hessian (UK: / ˈ h ɛ s i ə n /, US: / ˈ h ɛ ʃ ə n / [1]), burlap in North America, [2] or crocus in Jamaica [3] and the wider Caribbean, is a woven fabric made of vegetable fibres, usually the skin of the jute plant [4] [5] [6] or sisal leaves. [7]
Corchorus capsularis (also known as patsun), commonly known as white jute, [2] is a shrub species in the family Malvaceae. It is one of the sources of jute fibre, considered to be of finer quality than fibre from Corchorus olitorius, the main source of jute. The leaves are used as a foodstuff and the leaves, unripe fruit and the roots are used ...