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Bread Flour. Comparing bread flour versus all-purpose flour, the former has the highest protein content of the refined wheat flours, clocking in at up to 14 percent.
Semolina is the name given to roughly milled durum wheat mainly used in making pasta [3] and sweet puddings. The term semolina is also used to designate coarse millings of other varieties of wheat, and sometimes other grains (such as rice or maize ) as well.
Durum wheat [2] (/ ˈ dj ʊər ə m /), also called pasta wheat [3] or macaroni wheat (Triticum durum or Triticum turgidum subsp. durum), [4] is a tetraploid species of wheat. [5] It is the second most cultivated species of wheat after common wheat , although it represents only 5% to 8% of global wheat production. [ 6 ]
Italian spaghetti is typically made from durum-wheat semolina. [3] Usually the pasta is white because refined flour is used, but whole wheat flour may be added. [4] Spaghettoni is a thicker form of spaghetti, while spaghettini is a thinner form. Capellini is a very thin spaghetti, while vermicelli refers to intermediate thicknesses.
Semolina flour is the ground endosperm of durum wheat, [51] producing granules that absorb water during heating and an increase in viscosity due to semi-reordering of starch molecules. [ 51 ] [ 52 ] Another major component of durum wheat is protein which plays a large role in pasta dough rheology. [ 59 ]
Couscous is traditionally made from semolina, the hardest part of the grain of durum wheat (the hardest of all forms of wheat), which resists the grinding of the millstone. The semolina is sprinkled with water and rolled with the hands to form small pellets, sprinkled with dry flour to keep them separate, and then sieved.
Triticum turgidum subsp. durum (2n = 28, AABB) is the most commonly cultivated form of allotetraploid wheat and is grown on 8% of the world’s wheat area (FAOStat, [7]). It originated in the Mediterranean region and is used to make pasta and semolina products (Ren et al).
Durum wheat flour (T. durum) is the second most used. [22] Maida flour is a finely milled wheat flour used to make a wide variety of Indian breads such as paratha and naan. Maida is widely used not only in Indian cuisine but also in Central Asian and Southeast Asian cuisine.