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Large antennae on a longhorn beetle. Antennae (sg.: antenna) (sometimes referred to as "feelers") are paired appendages used for sensing in arthropods. Antennae are connected to the first one or two segments of the arthropod head. They vary widely in form but are always made of one or more jointed segments.
Evolution has produced astonishing variety of appendages in insects, such as these antennae.. The most recent understanding of the evolution of insects is based on studies of the following branches of science: molecular biology, insect morphology, paleontology, insect taxonomy, evolution, embryology, bioinformatics and scientific computing.
Lepidoptera antennae can be angled in many positions. They help the insect in locating the scent and can be considered to act as a kind of "olfactory radar". [6] In moths, males frequently have antennae which are more feathery than those of the females, for detecting the female pheromones at a distance. [7]
the lower (anterior) portion of the clypeus of insects. antennae The long feelers situated on the head and close to the eyes. They are however not tactile but used for detecting airborne scents and currents. In Papilionoidea the antennae end in bulging tips called clubs. In Hesperioidea they have hooked tips and the club is found just before ...
The development of insect mouthparts from the primitive chewing mouthparts of a grasshopper in the centre (A), to the lapping type (B) of a bee, the siphoning type (C) of a butterfly and the sucking type (D) of a female mosquito. Legend: a, antennae; c, compound eye; lb, labium; lr, labrum; md, mandibles; mx, maxillae; hp hypopharynx.
Insects can feel with their antennae because of the fine hairs that cover them. [17]: 8–11 However, touch is not the only thing that antennae can detect; numerous tiny sensory structures on the antennae allow insects to sense smells, temperature, humidity, pressure, and even potentially sense themselves in space.
The antennae of insects consist of just three segments: the scape, the pedicel and the flagellum. Muscles occur only in the first two segments. The third segment, the flagellum, has no muscles and is composed of a various number of annuli. This type of antenna is therefore called an annulated antenna.
Brachycera antenna Planthopper nymph (immature). Antenna displaying an arista. In insect anatomy, the arista is a simple or variously modified apical or subapical bristle, arising from the third antennal segment. It is the evolutionary remains of antennal segments, and may sometimes show signs of segmentation. These segments are called aristameres.