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Sea slugs respire through a gill (or ctenidium). Aquatic respiration is the process whereby an aquatic organism exchanges respiratory gases with water, obtaining oxygen from oxygen dissolved in water and excreting carbon dioxide and some other metabolic waste products into the water.
The water vascular system is a hydraulic system used by echinoderms, such as sea stars and sea urchins, for locomotion, food and waste transportation, and respiration. [1] The system is composed of canals connecting numerous tube feet. Echinoderms move by alternately contracting muscles that force water into the tube feet, causing them to ...
Patiria miniata, the bat star, sea bat, webbed star, or broad-disk star, is a species of sea star (also called a starfish) in the family Asterinidae. It typically has five arms, with the center disk of the animal being much wider than the stubby arms are in length. [2] Although the bat star usually has five arms, it sometimes has as many as ...
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Sea urchin tube feet extended past the spines.. Tube feet (technically podia) are small active tubular projections on the oral face of an echinoderm, such as the arms of a starfish, or the undersides of sea urchins, sand dollars and sea cucumbers; they are more discreet though present on brittle stars, and have only a feeding function in feather stars.
A gill (/ ɡ ɪ l / ⓘ) is a respiratory organ that many aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs , have adapted to allow respiration on land provided they are kept moist.
Oxygen is transported through the body by the hemal system, a series of sinuses and vessels distinct from the water vascular system. [ 5 ] The bursae are probably also the main organs of excretion, with phagocytic "coelomocytes" collecting waste products in the body cavity and then migrating to the bursae for expulsion from the body.
Starfish regeneration across species follows a common three-phase model and can take up to a year or longer to complete. [2] Though regeneration is used to recover limbs eaten or removed by predators , starfish are also capable of autotomizing and regenerating limbs to evade predators and reproduce.