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Bomba also is composed by three or more singers and a solo singer. The singing has a dynamic similar to the "Son" where the lead singer sings a chorus and the other responds. In between choruses the lead singer will improvise a verse. Most bomba songs are sung in Spanish and deal with topics of immediate community and everyday life.
The plena genre originated in Barrio San Antón, Ponce, Puerto Rico, [3] [4] around 1900. [5] It was influenced by the bomba style of music. [citation needed] Originally, sung texts were not associated with the plena, which was rendered by guitar, accordion and pandero, but eventually, in 1907, [citation needed] singing was added.
The Festival de Bomba y Plena de San Antón (English: San Anton's Bomba and Plena Festival), is an annual celebration held in Ponce, Puerto Rico, as an extravaganza celebration of Bomba and Plena music genres and the traditions of Ponce's barrio San Antón. The celebration lasts 10 days and it ends on a Sunday.
The Bomba is a music, rhythm and dance that was brought to Puerto Rico by West African slaves. The Plena is another form of Puerto Rican folkloric music of African origin. According to Cepeda, he was born while his mother Leonor was in the middle of a Bomba dance. He attended San Augustin Catholic School until the 8th grade in San Juan.
Cepeda was born in 1945 in Cataño, Puerto Rico, into a family deeply embedded in the cultural world of bomba y plena. Her grandparents, Doña Caridad Brenes Caballero and Rafael Cepeda Atiles, were renowned bomba practitioners, known as "Los Patriarcas de la Bomba y la Plena." Raised by her grandparents from the age of three months, Cepeda was ...
These influences are evident in the fields of dance and music, such as la bomba, la plena, and most recently in reggaeton, which is an Afro-Caribbean based Puerto Rican genre, as well as influences in Puerto Rican Spanish, and Puerto Rican cuisine. The presence of African diasporic religions, such as Santeria, is due to African influence.
There has also been a strong commitment towards Bomba Fusion. Groups such as Los Pleneros de la 21, and Viento De Agua have contributed greatly towards fusing Bomba and Plena with Jazz and other Genres. Yerbabuena has brought a popular cross-over appeal. Abrante y La Tribu have made fusions with Hip Hop.
In the 12th century, St. James the Apostle, the patron saint of Spain, was once believed in Spanish legend to have led the Catholic militia in the mythical Battle of Clavijo to victory against the Moors in 844. On his saints day, when people celebrated the victory, the vejigante represented the defeated Moors.