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Cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) bloom on Lake Erie (United States) in 2009. These kinds of algae can cause harmful algal bloom. A harmful algal bloom (HAB), or excessive algae growth, is an algal bloom that causes negative impacts to other organisms by production of natural algae-produced toxins, water deoxygenation, mechanical damage to other organisms, or by other means.
Coralline algae are especially important in reef construction, as they lay down calcium carbonate as calcite. Although they contribute considerable bulk to the calcium carbonate structure of coral reefs, their more important role in most areas of the reef, is in acting as the cement which binds the reef materials into a sturdy structure. [38]
Corallinales is the one genus of red algae exists but their distribution ranges across the world's oceans. [30] Examples include Corallina, Neogoniolithon, and Harveylithon. [30] The magnesium-rich calcium carbonate of Corallinales cell wall provides shelter from predators and structural integrity in the intertidal zone.
A range of toxic secondary compounds, called cyanotoxins, have been reported from cyanobacteria inhabiting freshwater and marine ecosystems. These toxic compounds are highly detrimental for survival of several aquatic organisms, wild and/or domestic animals, and humans.
Rhodolith communities contribute significantly to the global calcium carbonate budget, and fossil rhodoliths are commonly used to obtain paleoecologic and paleoclimatic information. [ 17 ] [ 18 ] [ 19 ] Under the right circumstances, rhodoliths can be the main carbonate sediment producers, [ 20 ] [ 21 ] often forming rudstone or floatstone beds ...
Coralline algae, which secrete calcium carbonate and play a major role in building coral reefs, belong there. Red algae such as Palmaria palmata (dulse) and Porphyra species (laver/nori/gim) are a traditional part of European and Asian cuisines and are used to make products such as agar, carrageenans, and other food additives. [16]