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Thoracoscopy is a medical procedure involving internal examination, biopsy and/or resection/drainage of disease or masses within the pleural cavity, [1] usually with video assistance. Thoracoscopy may be performed either under general anaesthesia or under sedation with local anaesthetic .
Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is a type of minimally invasive thoracic surgery performed using a small video camera mounted to a fiberoptic thoracoscope (either 5 mm or 10 mm caliber), with or without angulated visualization, which allows the surgeon to see inside the chest by viewing the video images relayed onto a television screen, and perform procedures using elongated ...
It is a major thoracic operation that has traditionally required a full thoracotomy. Since the early '90s this procedure has increasingly been performed using more minimally invasive thoracoscopy. All fibrous tissue is removed from the visceral pleural peel and pus is subsequently drained from the pleural space. [2]
A breakthrough in minimally invasive lung surgery was also achieved in the form of thoracoscopy, developed by Hans Christian Jacobaeus in 1910 as a method to diagnose tuberculosis. Thoracoscopy was later used by surgeons to perform chest operations without open thoracotomy. [7]
It is usually performed at the time of a diagnostic thoracoscopy. [citation needed] Povidone iodine is equally effective and safe as talc, and may be preferred because of easy availability and low cost. [6] Chemical pleurodesis is a painful procedure, and so patients are often premedicated with a sedative and analgesics.
Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), also known as bronchoalveolar washing, is a diagnostic method of the lower respiratory system in which a bronchoscope is passed through the mouth or nose into an appropriate airway in the lungs, with a measured amount of fluid introduced and then collected for examination.
A tracheobronchoplasty is a surgical procedure performed at limited medical facilities across the United States. [1] It consists of a thoracic surgery during which mesh is sutured to the outside of the patient's trachea through a series of hundreds of knots.
A Carlens double-lumen endotracheal tube, commonly used for thoracic surgical operations such as VATS lobectomy.. A double-lumen endotracheal tube (also called double-lumen endobronchial tube or DLT) is a type of endotracheal tube which is used in tracheal intubation during thoracic surgery and other medical conditions to achieve selective, one-sided ventilation of either the right or the left ...