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Pseudocode is commonly used in textbooks and scientific publications related to computer science and numerical computation to describe algorithms in a way that is accessible to programmers regardless of their familiarity with specific programming languages.
The following table lists many common symbols, together with their name, how they should be read out loud, and the related field of mathematics. Additionally, the subsequent columns contains an informal explanation, a short example, the Unicode location, the name for use in HTML documents, [1] and the LaTeX symbol.
An example of brace notation using pseudocode which would extract the 82nd character from the string is: a_byte = a_string{82} The equivalent of this using a hypothetical function 'MID' is:
Given a list of symbols sorted by bit-length, the following pseudocode will print a canonical Huffman code book: code := 0 while more symbols do print symbol, code code := (code + 1) << ((bit length of the next symbol) − (current bit length)) algorithm compute huffman code is input: message ensemble (set of (message, probability)).
The algorithm in pseudocode is as follows: let the input be a string I consisting of n characters: a 1... a n. let the grammar contain r nonterminal symbols R 1... R r, with start symbol R 1. let P[n,n,r] be an array of booleans. Initialize all elements of P to false. let back[n,n,r] be an array of lists of backpointing triples.
To convert, the program reads each symbol in order and does something based on that symbol. The result for the above examples would be (in reverse Polish notation) "3 4 +" and "3 4 2 1 − × +", respectively. The shunting yard algorithm will correctly parse all valid infix expressions, but does not reject all invalid expressions.
In computer programming, a sentinel value (also referred to as a flag value, trip value, rogue value, signal value, or dummy data) is a special value in the context of an algorithm which uses its presence as a condition of termination, typically in a loop or recursive algorithm.
In the context of first-order logic, the symbols in a signature are also known as the non-logical symbols, because together with the logical symbols they form the underlying alphabet over which two formal languages are inductively defined: The set of terms over the signature and the set of (well-formed) formulas over the signature.