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The Behrmann projection with Tissot's indicatrices The Mercator projection with Tissot's indicatrices. In cartography, a Tissot's indicatrix (Tissot indicatrix, Tissot's ellipse, Tissot ellipse, ellipse of distortion) (plural: "Tissot's indicatrices") is a mathematical contrivance presented by French mathematician Nicolas Auguste Tissot in 1859 and 1871 in order to characterize local ...
[8] The legacy of Tissot’s method is still vivid today, as suggested by the authors of Map Projections for Europe, who argue that since Tissot’s famous analysis regarding distortion, the only major scientific development in the metric interpretation of deformation has been Eduard Imhof's Verzerrungsgitter, or deformation grid.
In Metropolitan France, the official projection is Lambert-93, [6] a Lambert conic projection using RGF93 geodetic system [7] and defined by references parallels that are 44°N and 49°N. The National Spatial Framework for India uses Datum WGS84 with a LCC projection and is a recommended NNRMS standard.
[1] The projection represents the poles as points, as they are on the sphere, but the meridians and continents are distorted. The equator and the central meridian are the most accurate parts of the map, having no distortion at all, and the further away from those that one examines, the greater the distortion. [2] The projection is defined by:
Winkel tripel projection of the world, 15° graticule The Winkel tripel projection with Tissot's indicatrix of deformation The Winkel tripel projection (Winkel III), a modified azimuthal [1] map projection of the world, is one of three projections proposed by German cartographer Oswald Winkel (7 January 1874 – 18 July 1953) in 1921.
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.