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Reference ranges for urine tests are described below ... Upper limit Unit Urinary specific gravity: 1.003 [1] [2] 1.030 [1] [2] g/mL Urobilinogen: 0.2 [2] 1.0 [2 ...
Adults generally have a specific gravity in the range of 1.010 to 1.030. Increases in specific gravity (hypersthenuria, i.e. increased concentration of solutes in the urine) may be associated with dehydration, diarrhea, emesis, excessive sweating, urinary tract/bladder infection, glucosuria, renal artery stenosis, hepatorenal syndrome, decreased blood flow to the kidney (especially as a result ...
It is not possible for the kidneys to produce urine with a specific gravity greater than 1.040 [40] but such readings can occur in urine that contains high-molecular weight substances, such as contrast dyes used in radiographic imaging. [38] Specific gravity is commonly measured with urine test strips, but refractometers may also be used. [41]
The Urine Specific Gravity diagnostic test is used to evaluate renal concentration ability for assessment of the urinary system. [18] Low concentration may indicate diabetes insipidus, while high concentration may indicate albuminuria or glycosuria. [18] Blood normally has a specific gravity of approximately 1.060. [19]
The urine test strip test for specific gravity is based on the change in dissociation constant (pK a) of an anionic polyelectrolyte (poly-(methyl vinyl ether/maleic anhydride)) in an alkali medium that is ionised and releases hydrogen ions in proportion to the number of cations present in the solution. [6]
The value of urine for diagnostic purposes has been recognized since ancient times. Urine examination was practiced in Sumer and Babylonia as early as 4000 BC, and is described in ancient Greek and Sanskrit texts. [2] Contemporary urine testing uses a range of methods to investigate the physical and biochemical properties of the urine.
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