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Flexion is carried out by the anterior fibres of the deltoid, pectoralis major and the coracobrachialis. Extension is carried out by the latissimus dorsi and posterior fibres of the deltoid. Abduction and adduction of the shoulder (frontal plane). Abduction is carried out by the deltoid and the supraspinatus in the first 90 degrees.
The latissimus dorsi is responsible for extension, adduction, transverse extension also known as horizontal abduction (or horizontal extension), [1] flexion from an extended position, and (medial) internal rotation of the shoulder joint. It also has a synergistic role in extension and lateral flexion of the lumbar spine.
Adduction is an anatomical term of motion referring to a movement which brings a part of the anatomy closer to the middle sagittal plane of the body. Upper limb [ edit ]
Extension is the opposite of flexion, a straightening movement that increases the angle between body parts. [12] For example, when standing up, the knees are extended. When a joint can move forward and backward, such as the neck and trunk, extension is movement in the posterior direction. [ 10 ]
Abduction is an anatomical term of motion referring to a movement which draws a limb out to the side, away from the median sagittal plane of the body. It is thus opposed to adduction . Upper limb
The most important ligament involved in shoulder joint stability is the Inferior Glenohumeral Ligament. During abduction of the arm, the middle and inferior ligaments become taut while the superior ligament relaxes. The radius of curvature of the head of the humerus is greater superiorly than inferiorly, which further stretches these ligaments ...