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  2. Perfect digit-to-digit invariant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect_digit-to-digit...

    The following program in Python determines whether an integer number is a Munchausen Number / Perfect Digit to Digit Invariant or not, following the convention =. num = int ( input ( "Enter number:" )) temp = num s = 0.0 while num > 0 : digit = num % 10 num //= 10 s += pow ( digit , digit ) if s == temp : print ( "Munchausen Number" ) else ...

  3. Recursion (computer science) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recursion_(computer_science)

    A natural number is either 1 or n+1, where n is a natural number. Similarly recursive definitions are often used to model the structure of expressions and statements in programming languages. Language designers often express grammars in a syntax such as Backus–Naur form ; here is such a grammar, for a simple language of arithmetic expressions ...

  4. Primitive data type - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive_data_type

    The Java virtual machine's set of primitive data types consists of: [12] byte, short, int, long, char (integer types with a variety of ranges) float and double, floating-point numbers with single and double precisions; boolean, a Boolean type with logical values true and false; returnAddress, a value referring to an executable memory address ...

  5. Bead sort - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bead_sort

    def beadsort (input_list): """Bead sort.""" return_list = [] # Initialize a 'transposed list' to contain as many elements as # the maximum value of the input -- in effect, taking the 'tallest' # column of input beads and laying it out flat transposed_list = [0] * max (input_list) for num in input_list: # For each element (each 'column of beads ...

  6. Timsort - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timsort

    It was fixed in 2015 in Python, Java and Android. Specifically, the invariants on stacked run sizes ensure a tight upper bound on the maximum size of the required stack. The implementation preallocated a stack sufficient to sort 2 64 bytes of input, and avoided further overflow checks.

  7. Python syntax and semantics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_syntax_and_semantics

    In Python 2 (and most other programming languages), unless explicitly requested, x / y performed integer division, returning a float only if either input was a float. However, because Python is a dynamically-typed language, it was not always possible to tell which operation was being performed, which often led to subtle bugs, thus prompting the ...

  8. Data validation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_validation

    Presence check Checks that data is present, e.g., customers may be required to have an email address. Range check Checks that the data is within a specified range of values, e.g., a probability must be between 0 and 1. Referential integrity Values in two relational database tables can be linked through foreign key and primary key.

  9. Primality test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primality_test

    A primality test is an algorithm for determining whether an input number is prime.Among other fields of mathematics, it is used for cryptography.Unlike integer factorization, primality tests do not generally give prime factors, only stating whether the input number is prime or not.