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The Four Corners Rule is a legal doctrine that courts use to determine the meaning of a written instrument such as a contract, will, or deed as represented solely by its textual content. The doctrine states that where there is an ambiguity of terms, the Court must rely on the written instrument solely and cannot consider extraneous evidence.
The Four Corners of Law is a term commonly used to refer to the intersection of Meeting and Broad Streets in Charleston, South Carolina. [1] It was coined in the 1930s by Robert Ripley, creator of Ripley's Believe it or Not! [2] and refers to the buildings occupying the four corners of the intersection:
In Australia, the four corners rule has been adopted in preference to the idea of a "fundamental breach". [12] The court will presume that parties to a contract will not exclude liability for losses arising from acts not authorised under the contract.
It is historically known as "the Four Corners of Law" because the intersection hosted buildings from each level of government: the Courthouse (state law), City Hall (municipal law), the Federal Building and U.S. Post Office (federal law), and Saint Michael's Episcopal Church (canon law).
The parol evidence rule is a rule in common law jurisdictions limiting the kinds of evidence parties to a contract dispute can introduce when trying to determine the specific terms of a contract [1] and precluding parties who have reduced their agreement to a final written document from later introducing other evidence, such as the content of oral discussions from earlier in the negotiation ...
If it is not "apparent from the four corners” of the opinion that the judgment rests on an independent state law rule, then, unless it is “necessary or desirable” to obtain clarification from the state court itself, the Supreme Court will presume that the decision rested in part on federal law, thereby rendering it reviewable. Michigan v.
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In trust law, "terms" generally refers to the Terms of the Trust, meaning the explicit written intention of the Grantor of a Trust. Terms are limited to provisions expressed in a way that makes them like proof in court. [2] Terms of a Trust are most clear when they are explicit within the four corners of the Trust Instrument.