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Marcus Mosiah Garvey Jr. ONH (17 August 1887 – 10 June 1940) was a Jamaican political activist. He was the founder and first President-General of the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL, commonly known as UNIA), through which he declared himself Provisional President of Africa.
Garveyism is an aspect of black nationalism that refers to the economic, racial and political policies of UNIA-ACL founder Marcus Garvey. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Ethiopia, thou land of our fathers,
Official Blog of the UNIA: Millions For Marcus Garvey on Facebook; The Marcus Garvey and Universal Negro Improvement Association Papers Project; Marcus Garvey: The Official Site; Gale Group guide to UNIA; American Series Sample Documents Archived 2015-06-03 at the Wayback Machine—Volume I: 1826 – August 1919; 1918 UNIA Constitution
Under the editorship of Amy Jacques Garvey the paper featured a full page called "Our Women and What They Think". Negro World also played an important part in the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920s. The paper was a focal point for publication on the arts and African-American culture, including poetry, [ 8 ] commentary on theatre and music, and ...
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On the witness stand, Garvey admitted that $600,000 ($10,922,000 in 2025) had been "blown to the wind". [10] The jury convicted only Garvey, but not the other three officers, and he was sentenced to five years in prison. In 1927, President Calvin Coolidge deported Garvey back to Jamaica. The Black Star Line ceased sailing in February 1922.
In 1919, Marcus Garvey became President of the Black Star Line, designed to forge a link between North America and Africa and facilitate African-American migration to Liberia. [ 114 ] [ 115 ] During World War II , Liberia supported the United States war effort against Nazi Germany , and in turn received considerable American investment in ...
Garvey and the editors of The Messenger represented competing strains of thought among African-American leaders in Harlem and the United States. In the small world of Harlem, Garvey rented offices for his Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in the same building as those of The Messenger. Randolph and Owen continued to criticize Garvey.