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Herpetic gingivostomatitis infections can present as acute or recurrent. Acute infection refers to the first invasion of the virus, and recurrent is when reactivation of the latent virus occurs. [7] Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis primarily occurs in children, particularly of those under the age of six years old. [8]
Allergic contact stomatitis (also termed "allergic gingivostomatitis" or "allergic contact gingivostomatitis") [6] is a type IV (delayed) hypersensitivity reaction that occurs in susceptible atopic individuals when allergens penetrate the skin or mucosa.
A diagnosis can be made from clinical signs and symptoms, and treatment consists of minimizing the discomfort of symptoms. [5] It can be differentiated from herpetic gingivostomatitis by the positioning of vesicles - in herpangina, they are typically found on the posterior oropharynx, as compared to gingivostomatitis where they are typically found on the anterior oropharynx and the mouth.
Treatment of the acute disease is by debridement and antibiotics, usually metronidazole. Poor oral hygiene and other predisposing factors may need to be corrected to prevent recurrence. Necrotizing gingivitis is also known as trench mouth, as it was observed to occur in the mouths of front line soldiers during World War I.
Malaise, fever and/or cervical lymph node enlargement are rare (unlike the typical features of herpetic stomatitis). [3] Pain is fairly well localized to the affected areas. [3] Systemic reactions may be more pronounced in children. [2] Cancrum oris (noma) is a very rare complication, usually in debilitated children. [3]
The main symptom of oral infection is inflammation of the mucosa of the cheek and gums—known as acute herpetic gingivostomatitis—which occurs within 5–10 days of infection. Other symptoms may also develop, including headache, nausea, dizziness and painful ulcers —sometimes confused with canker sores —fever, and sore throat.
Herpetiform ulcers, [7] (also termed stomatitis herpetiformis, [21] or herpes-like ulcerations) is a subtype of aphthous stomatitis so named because the lesions resemble a primary infection with herpes simplex virus (primary herpetic gingivostomatitis). [6] However, herpetiform ulceration is not caused by herpes viruses. As with all types of ...
Herpes simplex, often known simply as herpes, is a viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus. [5] Herpes infections are categorized by the area of the body that is infected. The two major types of herpes are oral herpes and genital herpes, though other forms also exist. Oral herpes involves the face or mouth.