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Uncertainty in the star's surface temperature, diameter, and distance make it difficult to achieve a precise measurement of Betelgeuse's luminosity, but research from 2012 quotes a luminosity of around 126,000 L ☉, assuming a distance of 200 pc. [142] Studies since 2001 report effective temperatures ranging from 3,250 to 3,690 K.
Main-sequence stars vary in surface temperature from approximately 2,000 to 50,000 K, whereas more-evolved stars – in particular, newly-formed white dwarfs – can have surface temperatures above 100,000 K. [3] Physically, the classes indicate the temperature of the star's atmosphere and are normally listed from hottest to coldest.
Stars are classified as supergiants on the basis of their spectral luminosity class. This system uses certain diagnostic spectral lines to estimate the surface gravity of a star, hence determining its size relative to its mass. Larger stars are more luminous at a given temperature and can now be grouped into bands of differing luminosity. [2]
The dimming of Betelgeuse seen at the end of 2019 and the start of 2020 explained — the red giant star “sneezed.” Betelgeuse dimmed in the final few months of 2019, perplexing both ...
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One of the biggest and brightest stars in the night sky has left astronomers puzzled after it has faded dramatically over the last year. Some have speculated that this is a sign of an impending ...
The following well-known stars are listed for the purpose of comparison. Antares (α Scorpii A) 680 [70] AD Fourteenth brightest star in the night sky. [71] Widely recognised as being among the largest known stars. [21] Betelgeuse (α Orionis) 640, [72] 764 +116 −62, [73] 782 ± 55 [74] AD & SEIS Tenth brightest star in the night sky. [71]
Astronomers have determined the cause of the dramatic dimming observed last year and earlier this year of one of the brightest stars in the night sky, a colossus called Betelgeuse that appears to ...