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Illustration showing fracture of clavicle. The clavicle is the bone that connects the trunk of the body to the arm, and it is located directly above the first rib. A clavicle is located on each side of the front, upper part of the chest. The clavicle consists of a medial end, a shaft, and a lateral end.
A distal radius fracture, also known as wrist fracture, is a break of the part of the radius bone which is close to the wrist. [1] Symptoms include pain, bruising, and rapid-onset swelling. [1] The ulna bone may also be broken. [1] In younger people, these fractures typically occur during sports or a motor vehicle collision. [2]
Shoulder dystocia occurs after vaginal delivery of the head, when the baby's anterior shoulder is obstructed by the mother's pubic bone. [3] [1] It is typically diagnosed when the baby's shoulders fail to deliver despite gentle downward traction on the baby's head, requiring the need of special techniques to safely deliver the baby. [2]
The Mumford procedure, also known as distal clavicle excision or distal clavicle resection, is an orthopedic procedure performed to ameliorate shoulder pain and discomfort by excising the distal (lateral) end of the clavicle.
A significant bump, resulting in some shoulder deformity, is formed by the lateral end of the clavicle. This bump, caused by the clavicle's dislocation, [5] is permanent. The clavicle can be moved in and out of place on the shoulder. A radiographic examination will show the results as abnormal. [medical citation needed]
Clay-shoveler's fracture is a stable fracture through the spinous process of a vertebra occurring at any of the lower cervical or upper thoracic vertebrae, classically at C6 or C7. [1] In Australia in the 1930s, men digging deep ditches tossed clay 10 to 15 feet above their heads using long handled shovels. [ 2 ]
The coracoclavicular ligament connects the clavicle to the coracoid process of the scapula. [1] It is not part of the acromioclavicular joint articulation, but is usually described with it, since it keeps the clavicle in contact with the acromion. It consists of two fasciculi, the trapezoid ligament in front, and the conoid ligament behind. [2]
An open fracture can be life threatening or limb-threatening (person may be at risk of losing a limb) due to the risk of a deep infection and/or bleeding. Open fractures are often caused by high energy trauma such as road traffic accidents and are associated with a high degree of damage to the bone and nearby soft tissue. [1]