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Nearly concurrently, J. F. Jarvis, C. N. Judice, and W. H. Ninke of Bell Labs disclosed a similar method, which they termed "minimized average error" using a larger kernel [3] 1 48 [ − − # 7 5 3 5 7 5 3 1 3 5 3 1 ] . {\displaystyle {\frac {1}{48}}{\begin{bmatrix}-&-&\#&7&5\\3&5&7&5&3\\1&3&5&3&1\end{bmatrix}}.}
The term dither was published in books on analog computation and hydraulically controlled guns shortly after World War II. [1] [2] [nb 1] Though he did not use the term dither, the concept of dithering to reduce quantization patterns was first applied by Lawrence G. Roberts [4] in his 1961 MIT master's thesis [5] and 1962 article. [6]
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Noise shaping is a technique typically used in digital audio, image, and video processing, usually in combination with dithering, as part of the process of quantization or bit-depth reduction of a signal. Its purpose is to increase the apparent signal-to-noise ratio of the resultant signal.
POW-R (Psychoacoustically Optimized Wordlength Reduction) is a set of commercial dithering and noise shaping algorithms used in digital audio bit-depth reduction.Developed by a consortium of four companies – The POW-R Consortium – the algorithms were first made available in 1999 in digital audio hardware products.
Floyd–Steinberg dithering is an image dithering algorithm first published in 1976 by Robert W. Floyd and Louis Steinberg. It is commonly used by image manipulation software. For example when converting an image from a Truecolor 24-bit PNG format into a GIF format, which is restricted to a maximum of 256 colors.
Atkinson dithering is a variant of Floyd–Steinberg dithering designed by Bill Atkinson at Apple Computer, and used in the original Macintosh computer. Implementation
J.A.R.V.I.S. (Just a Rather Very Intelligent System) is a fictional character voiced by Paul Bettany in the Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) film franchise, based on the Marvel Comics characters Edwin Jarvis and H.O.M.E.R., respectively the household butler of the Stark family and another AI designed by Stark.