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Purpura (/ ˈ p ɜːr p jʊər ə / [1]) is a condition of red or purple discolored spots on the skin that do not blanch on applying pressure. The spots are caused by bleeding underneath the skin secondary to platelet disorders, vascular disorders, coagulation disorders, or other causes. [2]
A petechia (/ p ɪ ˈ t iː k i ə /; [1] pl.: petechiae) is a small red or purple spot (≤4 mm in diameter) that can appear on the skin, conjunctiva, retina, and mucous membranes which is caused by haemorrhage of capillaries. [2] [3] The word is derived from Italian petecchia 'freckle', of obscure origin. [1]
Solar purpura is believed to be caused by skin damage due to chronic sun exposure which leads dermal atrophy. As a result of the dermal atrophy, the dermal connective tissue cannot support the microvasculature and the result is extravasation of blood into the dermis. This results in visible purple spots on the skin. [5]
Livedo reticularis is a common skin finding consisting of a mottled reticulated vascular pattern that appears as a lace-like purplish discoloration of the skin. [1] The discoloration is caused by reduction in blood flow through the arterioles that supply the cutaneous capillaries, resulting in deoxygenated blood showing as blue discoloration ().
Schamberg's disease, (also known as "progressive pigmentary dermatosis of Schamberg", [1] "purpura pigmentosa progressiva" (PPP), [1] and "Schamberg's purpura" [1]) is a chronic discoloration of the skin found in people of all ages, usually only affecting the feet, legs or thighs or a combination.
Initially red to pink, flat spots (formally, "macules") and raised bumps (formally, "papules") may be seen on the skin. [5] [6] Once fully developed, the classic appearance is "non-blanching, palpable purpura". [6] [5] [7] This appears as deep red to purple spots that feel raised to the touch. Purpura refers to the red-purple discolored spots ...
Furthermore, mongolian spots, large birthmarks, and the consumption of food products with blue or purple dyes can also result in the bluish skin tissue discoloration and may be mistaken for cyanosis. [2] [3] Appropriate physical examination and history taking is a crucial part to diagnose cyanosis.
Cherry angioma, also called cherry hemangioma [1] or Campbell de Morgan Spot, [2] is a small bright red dome-shaped bump on the skin. [3] It ranges between 0.5 – 6 mm in diameter and usually several are present, typically on the chest and arms, and increasing in number with age. [3] [4] If scratched, they may bleed. [5]