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(case expression is when value_list 1 => expression 1 when value_list 2 => expression 2 ... «when others => expression n ») Seed7: if condition then statements «else statements» end if: if condition 1 then statements elsif condition 2 then statements... «else statements» end if: case expression of when set1 : statements ... «otherwise ...
A lookup table, which contains, as keys, the case values and, as values, the part under the case statement. (In some languages, only actual data types are allowed as values in the lookup table. In other languages, it is also possible to assign functions as lookup table values, gaining the same flexibility as a real switch statement.
The return statement, used to return a value from a function; The import and from statements, used to import modules whose functions or variables can be used in the current program; The match and case statements, an analog of the switch statement construct, that compares an expression against one or more cases as a control-of-flow measure.
Switch statements (or case statements, or multiway branches) compare a given value with specified constants and take action according to the first constant to match. There is usually a provision for a default action ("else", "otherwise") to be taken if no match succeeds. Switch statements can allow compiler optimizations, such as lookup tables.
Tree patterns are used in some programming languages as a general tool to process data based on its structure, e.g. C#, [1] F#, [2] Haskell, [3] Java [4], ML, Python, [5] Ruby, [6] Rust, [7] Scala, [8] Swift [9] and the symbolic mathematics language Mathematica have special syntax for expressing tree patterns and a language construct for ...
In all versions of Python, boolean operators treat zero values or empty values such as "", 0, None, 0.0, [], and {} as false, while in general treating non-empty, non-zero values as true. The boolean values True and False were added to the language in Python 2.2.1 as constants (subclassed from 1 and 0 ) and were changed to be full blown ...
String functions common to many languages are listed below, including the different names used. The below list of common functions aims to help programmers find the equivalent function in a language. Note, string concatenation and regular expressions are handled in separate pages. Statements in guillemets (« … ») are optional.
In such case it is always possible to use a function call, but this can be cumbersome and inelegant. For example, to pass conditionally different values as an argument for a constructor of a field or a base class, it is impossible to use a plain if-else statement; in this case we can use a conditional assignment expression, or a function call ...