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  2. Penrose diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penrose_diagram

    Penrose diagram of an infinite Minkowski universe, horizontal axis u, vertical axis v. In theoretical physics, a Penrose diagram (named after mathematical physicist Roger Penrose) is a two-dimensional diagram capturing the causal relations between different points in spacetime through a conformal treatment of infinity.

  3. Kruskal–Szekeres coordinates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruskal–Szekeres_coordinates

    The maximally extended Schwarzschild geometry can be divided into 4 regions each of which can be covered by a suitable set of Schwarzschild coordinates. The Kruskal–Szekeres coordinates, on the other hand, cover the entire spacetime manifold. The four regions are separated by event horizons.

  4. Penrose tiling - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penrose_tiling

    If the corners of one pentagon in P1 are labeled in succession by 1,3,5,2,4 an unambiguous tagging in all the pentagons is established, the order being either clockwise or counterclockwise. Points with the same label define a tiling by Robinson triangles while points with the numbers 3 and 4 on them define the vertices of a Tie-and-Navette tiling.

  5. Spin network - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin_network

    Spin network diagram, after Penrose. In physics, a spin network is a type of diagram which can be used to represent states and interactions between particles and fields in quantum mechanics. From a mathematical perspective, the diagrams are a concise way to represent multilinear functions and functions between representations of matrix groups ...

  6. Penrose graphical notation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penrose_graphical_notation

    Penrose graphical notation (tensor diagram notation) of a matrix product state of five particles. In mathematics and physics, Penrose graphical notation or tensor diagram notation is a (usually handwritten) visual depiction of multilinear functions or tensors proposed by Roger Penrose in 1971. [1]

  7. String diagram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_diagram

    Ribbon categories with 3-dimensional diagrams where the edges are undirected, a generalisation of knot diagrams. Compact closed categories with 4-dimensional diagrams where the edges are undirected, a generalisation of Penrose graphical notation. Dagger categories where every diagram has a horizontal reflection.

  8. Penrose stairs - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penrose_stairs

    However, in the case of the Penrose stairs the hero descends another flight of stairs to catch up to the antagonist and catch him unaware. [14] The cover of the 2011 album Angles by American rock band The Strokes depicts a complex set of Penrose stairs. In their 2015 single called "Greek Tragedy," English rock band The Wombats mentions the ...

  9. Penrose transform - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penrose_transform

    The Penrose–Ward transform is a nonlinear modification of the Penrose transform, introduced by Ward (1977), that (among other things) relates holomorphic vector bundles on 3-dimensional complex projective space CP 3 to solutions of the self-dual Yang–Mills equations on S 4.