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A eutectic system or eutectic mixture (/ j uː ˈ t ɛ k t ɪ k / yoo-TEK-tik) [1] is a type of a homogeneous mixture that has a melting point lower than those of the constituents. [2] The lowest possible melting point over all of the mixing ratios of the constituents is called the eutectic temperature .
One example is eutectic mixture. In a eutectic system, there is particular mixing ratio where the solidus and liquidus temperatures coincide at a point known as the invariant point. At the invariant point, the mixture undergoes a eutectic reaction where both solids melt at the same temperature. [3]
A deeper eutectic or more rapid cooling will result in finer lamellae; as the size of an individual lamellum approaches zero, the system will instead retain its high-temperature structure. Two common cases of this include cooling a liquid to form an amorphous solid , and cooling eutectoid austenite to form martensite .
There are also a number of phase transitions involving three phases: a eutectic transformation, in which a two-component single-phase liquid is cooled and transforms into two solid phases. The same process, but beginning with a solid instead of a liquid is called a eutectoid transformation.
Pearlite occurs at the eutectoid of the iron-carbon phase diagram (near the lower left). Pearlite is a two-phased , lamellar (or layered) structure composed of alternating layers of ferrite (87.5 wt%) and cementite (12.5 wt%) that occurs in some steels and cast irons .
[12] [13] For example, for a single component, a 3D Cartesian coordinate type graph can show temperature (T) on one axis, pressure (p) on a second axis, and specific volume (v) on a third. Such a 3D graph is sometimes called a p–v–T diagram. The equilibrium conditions are shown as curves on a curved surface in 3D with areas for solid ...
Eutectic bonding, also referred to as eutectic soldering, describes a wafer bonding technique with an intermediate metal layer that can produce a eutectic system. Those eutectic metals are alloys that transform directly from solid to liquid state, or vice versa from liquid to solid state, at a specific composition and temperature without ...
This CE is then used to determine if the alloy is hypoeutectic, eutectic, or hypereutectic; for cast irons the eutectic is 4.3% carbon. When casting cast iron this is useful for determining the final grain structure; for example, a hypereutectic cast iron usually has a coarse grain structure and large kish graphite flakes are formed. [ 12 ]