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The Samaritan Torah (ࠕࠫࠅࠓࠡࠄ , Tōrāʾ), also called the Samaritan Pentateuch, is the scripture of Samaritanism, which is slightly different from the Torah of Judaism. The Samaritan Pentateuch was written in the Samaritan script, a direct descendant of the Paleo-Hebrew alphabet that emerged around
It is used by the Samaritans to provide guidance on the pronunciation of the consonantal text of the Samaritan Pentateuch and Samaritan prayer books. The Samaritan vocalization is estimated to have been invented around the 10th century CE. Variation exists within the system between different manuscripts. [citation needed]
Chumash from Basel, 1943, in the Jewish Museum of Switzerland’s collection.. Chumash (also Ḥumash; Hebrew: חומש, pronounced or pronounced or Yiddish: pronounced [ˈχʊməʃ]; plural Ḥumashim) is a Torah in printed in book bound form (i.e. codex) as opposed to a Torah scroll.
Samaritan Hebrew (Samaritan Hebrew: ࠏࠨࠁࠬࠓࠪࠉࠕ, romanized: ʿÎbrit) is a reading tradition used liturgically by the Samaritans for reading the Ancient Hebrew language of the Samaritan Pentateuch, in contrast to the Tiberian Hebrew used by Jews. For the Samaritans, Ancient Hebrew ceased to be a spoken everyday language.
That Masoretic reading or pronunciation is known as the qere (Aramaic קרי "to be read"), while the pre-Masoretic consonantal spelling is known as the ketiv (Aramaic כתיב "(what is) written"). The basic consonantal text written in the Hebrew alphabet was rarely altered; but sometimes the Masoretes noted a different reading of a word than ...
The first four of these are sometimes called the Tetrateuch, [1] the first five are commonly known as the Torah or the Pentateuch, the first six as the Hexateuch. With the addition of the Book of Ruth, these eight books are known as the Octateuch.
This pronunciation, in the form used by the Jerusalem Sephardic community, is the basis of the Hebrew phonology of Israeli native speakers. It was influenced by Ladino pronunciation. Mizrahi (Oriental) Hebrew is actually a collection of dialects spoken liturgically by Jews in various parts of the Arab and Islamic world.
The term Hexateuch came into scholarly use from the 1870s onwards mainly as the result of work carried out by Abraham Kuenen and Julius Wellhausen. [1] Following the work of Eichhorn, de Wette, Graf, Kuenen, Nöldeke, Colenso and others, in his Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels Wellhausen proposed that Joshua represented part of the northern Yahwist source (c 950 BC), detached from JE ...