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The Apgar score is a quick way for health professionals to evaluate the health of all newborns at 1 and 5 minutes after birth and in response to resuscitation. [1] It was originally developed in 1952 by an anesthesiologist at Columbia University, Virginia Apgar, to address the need for a standardized way to evaluate infants shortly after birth.
It consists of the assessment of heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and generalized skin color. Apgar scoring is performed one minute and five minutes after birth. Scoring ranges from 0 to 10, with 0 indicating severe neonatal distress and 10 indicating a smooth transition to extrauterine life.
Virginia Apgar (June 7, 1909 – August 7, 1974) was an American physician, [1] [2] obstetrical anesthesiologist [3] and medical researcher, [4] best known as the inventor of the Apgar score, a way to quickly assess the health of a newborn child immediately after birth in order to combat infant mortality. [5]
The assessment of the neonate's appearance (colour), pulse (heart rate), grimace (in response to unpleasant stimuli such as bulb suctioning the pharynx), activity (muscle tone and/or movement), and respiratory effort via the APGAR scoring system is essential to guide the baby's care (see Understanding the APGAR scoring system). The nurse is ...
APGAR: American Pediatric Gross Assessment Record (a backronym) APA: American Psychiatric Association: APN: Advanced practice nurse: ARA: American Rheumatological Association: ARRT: American Registry of Radiologic Technologists: ASCEPT: Australasian Society of Clinical & Experimental Pharmacologists and Toxicologists: ASCP: American Society for ...
The Ballard Maturational Assessment, Ballard Score, or Ballard Scale, is a commonly used technique of gestational age assessment. It was devised by Dr Jeanne L. Ballard, professor emeritus of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology at the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine.
It is used for alert (conscious) people, but often much of this information can also be obtained from the family or friend of an unresponsive person. In the case of severe trauma, this portion of the assessment is less important. A derivative of SAMPLE history is AMPLE history which places a greater emphasis on a person's medical history. [2]
Fair R, Furness A, Higginbottom GMA, Oddie B & Solani R (2023) Review of neonatal assessment and practice in Black, Asian and minority ethnic newborns: exploring the Apgar score, the detection-of cyanosis and jaundice. NHS Race and Health Observatory