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Atrophic glossitis is a non-specific finding, [16] and has a great many causes, usually related to iron-deficiency anemia, pernicious anemia, B vitamin complex deficiencies, [16] unrecognized and untreated celiac disease (which often presents without gastrointestinal symptoms), [17] [18] [19] or other factors such as xerostomia (dry mouth).
Poor diet can cause malnutrition and nutritional deficiencies. Deficiency of iron, B vitamins and folic acid are common causes for atrophic glossitis. Black hairy tongue - some factors thought to cause black hairy tongue are environmental, such as eating a soft diet, poor oral hygiene, smoking and antibiotic use.
Median rhomboid glossitis is a condition characterized by an area of redness and loss of lingual papillae on the central dorsum of the tongue, sometimes including lesions of the tongue and palate. It is seen in patients using inhaled steroids and smokers, and is usually a kind of chronic atrophic oral candidiasis , but hematinic deficiency and ...
The cause is unknown. [1] [12] [13] Geographic tongue does not usually cause any symptoms, and in those cases where there are symptoms, an oral parafunctional habit may be a contributory factor. [9] Persons with parafunctional habits related to the tongue may show scalloping on the sides of the tongue (crenated tongue).
Acute atrophic candidiasis may feel like the mouth has been scalded with a hot liquid. [5] Another potential symptom is a metallic, acidic, salty or bitter taste in the mouth. [5] [8] The pseudomembranous type rarely causes any symptoms apart from possibly some discomfort or bad taste due to the presence of the membranes.
Plummer–Vinson syndrome (also known as Paterson–Kelly syndrome [1] or Paterson–Brown-Kelly syndrome in the UK [2]) is a rare disease characterized by dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), iron-deficiency anemia, glossitis (inflammation of the tongue), cheilosis (cracking at the corners of the mouth), and esophageal webs (thin membranes in the esophagus that can cause obstruction). [1]
The term glossitis, particularly atrophic glossitis is often used synonymously with depapillation. Where the entire dorsal surface of the tongue has lost its papillae, this is sometimes termed "bald tongue". [4] Nutritional deficiencies of iron, folic acid, and B vitamins may cause depapillation of the tongue. [4]
Several GI diseases, especially those associated with malabsorption, can cause recurrent mouth ulcers, atrophic glossitis, and angular cheilitis (e.g., Crohn's disease is sometimes termed orofacial granulomatosis when it involves the mouth alone). Sideropenic dysphagia can cause glossitis, angular cheilitis. [3]