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The principle of double effect – also known as the rule of double effect, the doctrine of double effect, often abbreviated as DDE or PDE, double-effect reasoning, or simply double effect – is a set of ethical criteria which Christian philosophers have advocated for evaluating the permissibility of acting when one's otherwise legitimate act ...
In Catholic theology, a distinction is made between concursus simultaneus and concursus praevius, [2] the former being divine influence into the effect of a second cause, parallel, as it were, with its activity, whereas the latter involves divine influence into the causing agent.
Secondary causation [1] [2] [3] is the philosophical proposition that all material and corporeal objects, having been created by God with their own intrinsic potentialities, are subsequently empowered to evolve independently in accordance with natural law.
6. The principle of cause and effect "Every cause has its effect; every effect has its cause; everything happens according to law; chance is but a name for law not recognized; there are many planes of causation, but nothing escapes the law." [10] 7. The principle of gender "Gender is in everything; everything has its masculine and feminine ...
Augustine's view of evil relies on the causal principle that every cause is superior to its effects. [26]: 43 God is innately superior to his creation, and everything that God creates is good." [26]: 40–42 Every creature is good, but "some are better than others (De nat. boni c. Man.14)".
In other words, the mental cannot cause the physical and vice versa. Also, occasionalists generally hold that the physical cannot cause the physical either, for no necessary connection can be perceived between physical causes and effects. The will of God is taken to be necessary.
The Matthew effect, sometimes called the Matthew principle, is the tendency of individuals to accrue social or economic success in proportion to their initial level of popularity, friends, and wealth.
Reverse causation or reverse causality or wrong direction is an informal fallacy of questionable cause where cause and effect are reversed. The cause is said to be the effect and vice versa. Example 1 The faster that windmills are observed to rotate, the more wind is observed. Therefore, wind is caused by the rotation of windmills.