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Colonoscopy (/ ˌ k ɒ l ə ˈ n ɒ s k ə p i /) or coloscopy (/ k ə ˈ l ɒ s k ə p i /) [1] is a medical procedure involving the endoscopic examination of the large bowel (colon) and the distal portion of the small bowel.
Enteroscopy is the procedure of using an endoscope for the direct visualization of the small bowel. Etymologically, the word could potentially refer to any bowel endoscopy (entero-+ -scopy), but idiomatically it is conventionally restricted to small bowel endoscopy, in distinction from colonoscopy, which is large bowel endoscopy.
Endoscopy may be used to investigate symptoms in the digestive system including nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, difficulty swallowing, and gastrointestinal bleeding. [6] It is also used in diagnosis, most commonly by performing a biopsy to check for conditions such as anemia , bleeding, inflammation , and cancers of the digestive system . [ 6 ]
The need for imaging assessment of small bowel diseases comes from the limits of traditional endoscopy in evaluating ileum loops, as other modern techniques such as capsule endoscopy are not routinely performed as it is seldom available in most centers. Over the past several years assessment of small bowel diseases was performed by Barium ...
Endoscopic image of polyp in small bowel detected on double-balloon enteroscopy. Double-balloon enteroscopy offers a number of advantages to other small bowel image techniques, including barium imaging, wireless capsule endoscopy and push enteroscopy: It allows for visualization of the entire small bowel to the terminal ileum. [1]
This is because, rigid endoscopy tends to use larger biopsy forceps to take tissue samples from the bowel wall while flexible endoscopy uses small biopsy forceps to take superficial samples. [1] For those with incomplete bowel preparation, the subject can return the next day or the day after next to repeat the procedure.
Capsule endoscopy can still not yet replace standard endoscopy for various diseases, as is the case for those with cirrhosis. [ 14 ] As of 2014, research was targeting additional sensing mechanisms and localization and motion control systems to enable new applications for the technology, for example, drug delivery.
Barium X-ray examinations are useful tools for the study of appearance and function of the parts of the gastrointestinal tract. They are used to diagnose and monitor esophageal reflux, dysphagia, hiatus hernia, strictures, diverticula, pyloric stenosis, gastritis, enteritis, volvulus, varices, ulcers, tumors, and gastrointestinal dysmotility, as well as to detect foreign bodies.