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Most people who contract enterovirus have mild symptoms lasting about a week. Those with higher risk may have more complications, sometimes becoming fatal. [61] The most common sign of enterovirus is a common cold. More intense symptoms of enterovirus include hypoxia, aseptic meningitis, conjunctivitis, hand, foot and mouth disease, and paralysis.
Complications from the viral infections that cause HFMD are rare but require immediate medical treatment if present. HFMD infections caused by Enterovirus 71 tend to be more severe and are more likely to have neurologic or cardiac complications including death than infections caused by Coxsackievirus A16. [19]
Enterovirus infection is diagnosed mainly via serological tests such as ELISA [7] and from cell culture. [1] Because the same level and type of care is given regardless of type of Coxsackie B infection, it is mostly unnecessary for treatment purposes to diagnose which virus is causing the symptoms in question, though it may be epidemiologically ...
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention doesn't have an active reporting system for neonatal enteroviral disease or enteroviruses in general. More than 100 types of enteroviruses can infect ...
[16] As of October 2014, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) was investigating 10 cases of paralysis and/or cranial dysfunction in Colorado and other reports around the country, coinciding with the increase in enterovirus D68 activity. [17] As of October 2014 it was believed that the actual number of cases might be 100 or more.
Signs and symptoms usually begin 12–72 hours after contracting the infectious agent. [15] If due to a virus, the condition usually resolves within one week. [18] Some viral infections also involve fever, fatigue, headache and muscle pain. [18] If the stool is bloody, the cause is less likely to be viral [18] and more likely to be bacterial. [19]
Surgical treatment is usually required due to the likelihood of stenosis or complete occlusion of the small intestine. [17] Ischemic damage can range from mucosal infarction , which is limited only to the mucosa; mural infarction of the mucosa and underlying submucosa ; to transmural infarction of the full thickness of the gastrointestinal wall.
Coxsackie A virus is a subgroup of enterovirus A, which are small, non-enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses. Its protective, icosahedral capsid has an external portion that contains sixty copies of viral proteins (VP1,-2,-3) and an internal portion surrounding the RNA genome containing sixty copies of VP4 viral proteins.