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Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE) [2] is a rare, often fatal, subacute-to-chronic central nervous system disease caused by certain species of free-living amoebae [3] of the genera Acanthamoeba, Balamuthia and Sappinia.
Free-living amoebae (or "FLA") [1] are a group of protozoa that are important causes of infectious disease in humans and animals.. Naegleria fowleri is often included in the group "free-living amoebae", [2] [3] and this species causes a usually fatal condition traditionally called primary amoebic meningoencephalitis (PAM).
The Balamuthia amoebae can then travel to the brain through the bloodstream and cause GAE. GAE is a very rare disease that is usually fatal. [2] Scientists at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) first discovered Balamuthia mandrillaris in 1986. The amoeba was found in the brain of a dead mandrill.
Balamuthia mandrillaris is a free-living amoeba that causes the rare but deadly neurological condition granulomatous amoebic encephalitis (GAE). [1] B. mandrillaris is a soil-dwelling amoeba and was first discovered in 1986 in the brain of a mandrill that died in the San Diego Wild Animal Park.
Feline disease refers to infections or illnesses that affect cats. They may cause symptoms, sickness or the death of the animal. Some diseases are symptomatic in one cat but asymptomatic in others. Feline diseases are often opportunistic and tend to be more serious in cats that already have concurrent sicknesses.
Amoebic encephalitis or amoebic meningoencephalitis may refer to several potentially fatal diseases that are infections of the central nervous system by free-living amoebae, often referred to in the media as a "brain-eating amoeba" infection: Granulomatous amoebic encephalitis; Naegleriasis, also known as primary amoebic meningoencephalitis
There is no breed, sex or age predilection, although some breeds are commonly affected. Before the onset of clinical signs, the animals have been fed the offending food components for at least two years, although some animals are less than a year old. In 20 to 30% of the cases, cats have concurrent allergic diseases (atopy / flea-allergic ...
Primary amoebic meningoencephalitis presents symptoms similar to those of relatively common bacterial and viral meningitis. Upon abrupt disease onset, a plethora of symptoms arise. Endogenous cytokines , released in response to the pathogens, affect the thermoregulatory neurons of the hypothalamus causing a rise in body temperature. [ 15 ]