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In ionizing radiation detection physics, a semiconductor detector is a device that uses a semiconductor (usually silicon or germanium) to measure the effect of incident charged particles or photons. Semiconductor detectors find broad application for radiation protection , gamma and X-ray spectrometry , and as particle detectors .
Semiconductor-based photodetectors typically use a p–n junction that converts photons into charge. The absorbed photons make electron–hole pairs in the depletion region. Photodiodes and photo transistors are a few examples of photo detectors. Solar cells convert some of the light energy absorbed into electrical energy.
Hybrid pixel detectors are a type of ionizing radiation detector consisting of an array of diodes based on semiconductor technology and their associated electronics. The term “hybrid” stems from the fact that the two main elements from which these devices are built, the semiconductor sensor and the readout chip (also known as application-specific integrated circuit or ASIC), are ...
Solid state detectors use semiconductors to detect x-rays. Direct digital detectors are so-called because they directly convert x-ray photons to electrical charge and thus a digital image. Indirect systems may have intervening steps for example first converting x-ray photons to visible light, and then an electronic signal.
These are hybrid detectors as a semiconductor sensor layer is bonded to a processing electronics layer. The sensor layer is a semiconductor, such as silicon, GaAs, or CdTe in which the incident radiation makes an electron hole/cloud.
Some detectors can use avalanche multiplication. The same mechanism applies to the PIN structure, or p-i-n junction, of a solar cell. In this case, the advantage of using a PIN structure over conventional semiconductor p–n junction is better long-wavelength response of the former. In case of long wavelength irradiation, photons penetrate deep ...
A crystal detector is a type of electronic component used in some early 20th century radio receivers. It consists of a piece of crystalline mineral that rectifies an alternating current radio signal. [1] It was employed as a detector (demodulator) to extract the audio modulation signal from the modulated carrier, to produce the sound in the ...
Various semiconductor structures, including p-n junctions, Schottky barriers, and metal-oxide-semiconductor structures have been utilized in position-sensitive detectors. More recent hybrid structures based on PEDOT:PSS/n-Si heterojunction exhibit ultrahigh sensitivity and excellent linearity. [ 1 ]