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  2. Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior_reversible...

    The diagnosis is usually made by a brain scan , in which areas of swelling can be identified. The treatment for PRES is supportive: removal of the cause or causes and treatment of any of the complications, such as anticonvulsants for seizures. PRES may be complicated by intracranial hemorrhage, but this is relatively rare. The majority of ...

  3. Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurodegeneration_with...

    Treatment is supportive and focused on improving symptoms: Dystonia is a common debilitating symptom and can be managed with oral medications, and sometimes with deep-brain electrical stimulation, therapy support for walking, eating, and manual tasks is essential. Later, in many of the diseases, slowing and stopping of movement (known as ...

  4. Encephalomalacia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encephalomalacia

    Cases of cerebral softening in infancy versus in adulthood are much more severe due to an infant's inability to sufficiently recover brain tissue loss or compensate the loss with other parts of the brain. Adults can more easily compensate and correct for the loss of tissue use and therefore the mortality likelihood in an adult with cerebral ...

  5. Tuberculoma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuberculoma

    Exceptionally large tuberculomas, those exerting a mass effect on the brain, and those which fail to respond to medical management required surgical excision. In some cases, surgical excision is necessary for diagnosis as well as treatment. [3] When intracranial pressure rises in the setting of tuberculoma, removal is considered a surgical ...

  6. Central nervous system cyst - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Central_nervous_system_cyst

    Symptomatic (producing or showing symptoms) cysts may require surgical removal if they are present in areas where brain damage is unavoidable, or if they produce chronic symptoms disruptive to the quality of life of the patient. Some examples of cyst removal procedures include: permanent drainage, fenestration, and endoscopic cyst fenestration. [3]

  7. Tumefactive multiple sclerosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumefactive_multiple_sclerosis

    Symptoms also can mimic a neoplasm with symptoms such as headaches, aphasia, and/ or seizures.[13] There are some differences with normal MS symptoms. Spasticity is not as prevalent in tumefactive cases, because in standard MS it is caused by demyelination or inflammation in the motor areas of the brain or the spinal cord. [8]

  8. Primary familial brain calcification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primary_familial_brain...

    The prognosis for any individual with PFBC is variable and hard to predict. There is no reliable correlation between age, extent of calcium deposits in the brain, and neurological deficit. Since the appearance of calcification is age-dependent, a CT scan could be negative in a gene carrier who is younger than the age of 55. [30]

  9. Retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukoencephalopathy and ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinal_vasculopathy_with...

    All patients develop brain and eye disease, leading to disability, vision loss, and premature death. All patients with RVCL develop kidney and liver disease, with elevated alkaline phosphatase. [6] Some patients develop bone lesions (osteonecrosis) as well as hypothyroidism. [6] Sometimes patients also develop gastrointestinal symptoms or ...